Twelve men

Attempt and connection perspectives and qualities to the subjects in the content where you can! Recognizing perspectives and qualities 1 . Distinguish three center perspectives that you accept are communicated all through ‘Twelve Angry Men' 2. Compose three sentences about these perspectives utilizing the example beneath as a model Egg: Rose's play moves the crowd to analyze their own bias, uncovering the perils of prejudging, especially in the court. 3. What does Rose worth/condemn?Identify three characteristics/ideas/thoughts that you trust Reginald Rose embraces, difficulties or leaves unchallenged in ‘Twelve Angry Men'. Legitimize your reaction. 2. Setting: Rose's play is totally followed up on a similar set: Analyses the symbolism made by the stage bearings toward the start of the play (Para) Analyses the scenes that occur in the washroom. What is the reason for this different area of the stage? In what way(s) does it empower Rose to build up his characters (for inst ance, what is uncovered about their thought processes, perspectives and qualities and so forth) just as our recognitions and reactions to them?How does Rose utilize the New York horizon to mirror his perspectives on the aloofness people can need to significant circumstances? (p. - 4) What is the impact of the way that Rose limits the activity of the play to the Jury room? How can it empower Rose to create sensational pressures all through the play? 3. Characters: 1 . Give character subtleties to every one of the twelve Jurors. You can decide to introduce your subtleties in an extensive passage on each character, a character map or a chart.You ought to include: any anecdotal data: encounters, for example, occupation, where they live/grew up the's character and role(s) in the play: how they feel about the errand, their purposes behind inclination the kid is blameworthy (or guiltless); their connections, perspectives and qualities 3 †5 significant citations for each character 2. M ake a table enumerating every Juror's perspectives on the blame of the respondent. Graph how/why these change through the span of the play: Juror When influenced How influenced Evidence (take a gander at stage headings specifically) 3. Presently, talk about Rose's perspective on each character.Is he thoughtful or unsympathetic? Appreciating or basic? Friendly or threatening? How would you know? Clarify utilizing cites. Portrayal: Characters perspectives and qualities can be uncovered through: Authorial remarks e. G. Cap Rose uncovers in the stage bearings What the character says themselves How the character talks †contemplate the language the character utilizes and the tone they use What others state or think about them What the character does How their characters and mentalities are uncovered in their connections How the characters perspectives and convictions are tested by others 1 .Choose three key minutes in the content where Rose's depiction of the character uncovers somet hing about their or his own perspectives and qualities. Layout this. 2. Discover 5 phase headings identifying with your character and clarify their importance †pick stage erections that uncover shifted parts of the character (egg: development after some time) 3. Make a word bank for this character 4. Compose a compact passage on how perspectives and qualities are lined up with characters in the text.Remember in any case a reasonable conflict, give clarification (about how the perspectives and qualities are introduced) and support with proof from the content. (see model underneath to help kick you off) For instance: Rose portrays the Juror as a commanding and amazingly stubborn man inside whom can be identified a dash of perversion. He is hammerless and narrow minded, and without a doubt, his absence of empathy is firmly differentiated to the humankind ND feeling of good commitment we find in Juror . This mirrors Rose's analysis of 4. Subjects Complete a 200 word investigation o f every one of the subjects beneath for the content as whole.Ensure you uses the TEE structure in your examination: Topic: Introduce the topic and talk about the improvement of it all through the content Explain and Explore: Give at least one in number models from the content to talk about the general topic e. G. Key occasions, reflections from Rose and so forth Evidence: Finally, use cites all through your examination to reinforce your conversation. Racial bias equity and the Jury objectivity and subjectivity ere pressure: the intensity of congruity urban duty(qualities, for example, respect, sympathy, empathy†¦ ND the other side of this: heartlessness, obliviousness †¦ ) 5. Structure and language 1. Rose stated: No one anyplace ever recognizes what goes on inside a Jury room however the Jurors, and I thought then that a play occurring totally inside a Jury room may be an energizing and conceivable moving experience for a crowd of people. Talk about in detail the decision s Rose makes to draw in the crowd in the show of his play; to urge them to think about their own partialities just as utilizing the court mother to introduce his perspectives on the significance of trustworthiness and dynamic citizenship. . Plot the pressures' of the show. What are the defining moments? Where do they happen? Why? 3. Pick 2 Jurors and study the language examples and decisions. How would they address others? What tone(s) do they use? Are their assertion decisions adversely or decidedly reached? How does utilize Rose utilize their language to impact our responses to them? Use guides to help your conversations. 4. Make a rundown of 10 phase bearings, introduced in successive request, that show what's going on as far as the physical activity of the play. Clarify their criticalness. 5.Make a rundown of 10 phase headings, introduced in successive request, that show what's going on as far as the enthusiastic conditions of the characters in the play. You could pick 1 charact er or different characters. In the event that you pick one character, don't pick the character that you dealt with in the gathering task. Clarify their noteworthiness. 6. One of the key aptitudes of this result is the capacity to investigations the manners by which printed importance is made. This implies having the option to distinguish account gadgets utilized by writers and the manner in which basic and language components add to a perusers comprehension of the key literary concerns.Some of the gadgets include: Narrative perspective Imagery (comparisons, allegories, embodiment and so on) Symbolism/Motif Tone/Mood †consider here Rose's utilization of the tempest, collaborations/pressure between characters Setting Colloquial Language Writers utilize these gadgets to shape our view of and mentalities towards characters and printed thoughts/subjects. Discover 10 artistic gadgets Rose uses all through the content and clarify their significance. Language/Literary Device (for insta nce, image, symbolism †analogy/illustration, utilization of setting etc.Textual Example (Quote) Meaning Created (for egg, how would we see character, what does it add to our comprehension of subject, social setting and so on ) 6. Contrasting understandings 1 . For every one of the accompanying articulations, discover models from the content that challenge or support the thoughts introduced †talk about why you picked them â€Å"[Twelve Angry Men] face up the reality, which an excessive number of us have not paid attention to, of serving on a Jury when a man's life is in question. † â€Å"Numbered however not named, [the Jurors] involve a cross segment of American society†¦ Eire esteem for Rose is as social agents as opposed to as people. † â€Å"What is inspiring is that Rose's account shows the grotesqueness of racial preference, and afterward objective men betraying this offensiveness. The supremacist sees don't hold influence for long. † Using t he topics in the content, create interpretative proclamations about the content that interface at least two of these thoughts in a single sentence. For instance: Throughout his play, Rose investigates the abusive and discriminative condition of McCarthy America, investigating the manner in which a few Jurors utilize the intensity of their objectivity to endeavor to influence others to share their place of view.Indeed, the eighth legal hearer knows about the impacts and threats of friend weight and this is represented through his solicitation to have the second (and conceivably the most significant vote) taken as a mysterious polling form (p. 18) At different minutes in the play, the tenth, third and seventh members of the jury do attempt to influence the vote to ‘guilty using terrorizing as opposed to contention. What can be deciphered is another unmistakable message passed on by Rose through his play is that this kind of terrorizing will at last be unsuccessful.Logic and reas on do prevail upon endemic bias, however what the play likewise shows is that for this to happen, there must be voices who are set up to maintain their feelings. This is plainly depicted through the difference between the â€Å"[interrupting]† and â€Å"[shouting]† of Jurors 10 and 3 and the â€Å"[calm]† and intelligent â€Å"[pauses]† of Juror 8. 2. What â€Å"truths† are uncovered all through the play? 3. Recognize one character in the content that you are thoughtful towards and one you are reproachful of. Clarify your responses utilizing proof from the content.

Sports Essay Topics

Sports Essay TopicsEssay topics on sports can include anything from the color of a football to a specific play in a high school game. It is not only interesting, but students can also use this type of essay as a way to have fun while learning.However, some students may want to be creative when writing their sports essays, so they can find some other more difficult, yet still interesting topics. If you want your essay topics to be more challenging, you need to think about the subjects that you are trying to cover. Some subjects are easy to write about and others require you to think outside the box.When it comes to sports, if the game has been around for years, chances are that it's a pastime for many people. They love to learn about sports such as soccer, baseball, basketball, baseball, softball, tennis, football, hockey, and more.There are some sports essays that revolve around a specific player in a team or even a coach. They may even go as far as writing about a game in the playof fs that has already happened. It is up to you how you want to go about writing your essay, but make sure that you think out of the box when it comes to the sports you choose to cover.Make sure that you research the sport or the team that you will be covering. That way, you know that you are going to get the true facts and not just guessing at things. And because of that, you will be able to convince readers that you are knowledgeable about the topic.The topics are endless and you may even find that you have a wide range of subjects that you can cover. For example, you could cover a specific sports star's life, their lifestyle, and the different careers they have had. You may even want to cover off the bad parts of these people's lives, like things that they have done that has caused bad people to be mad.You will be surprised at how much you learn about the life of these athletes when you do research and find all of the angles that you can when writing about the subject. This will gi ve you a more personal approach to the topic, which can then turn into a more effective essay.And of course, the best way to get good ideas for sports essays is to actually talk to other people who are familiar with the sport that you are researching. They might be able to give you a ton of tips and ideas about the sport that you are studying. This can also help you get ideas on what you should be covering in your essay.

The Iran-Iraq War Essay -- War Middle East Essays

The Iran-Iraq War While the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980's may have forever modified the course of progress in Iran and Iraq, the war additionally changed the subsequent lasting association of the remainder of the world in the center east. The rich and convoluted history in Iraq has set up various social and ethnic customs that all have an influence in where the nation is today. The Iran-Iraq War brought into concentrate a portion of those customs and how they clashed, while additionally bringing Iraq and its monetary circumstance into the spotlight. Being on probably the most mineral rich soil on the planet makes Iraq a significant supporter of the world's economy through oil and unrefined petroleum trades. This, among different reasons, ties countries all around the globe to Iraq. Subsequently the Iran-Iraq War assumed a significant job, and was a significant defining moment, in the universal occasions that have prompted the United States inclusion in Iraq, including the Gulf War/Desert Storm, and the ongoing 2003 intrusion of Iraq. This American nearness in Iraq has additionally prompted United States contribution with the center east all in all and has maneuvered the United States into a territory of contention far more established than itself. Iraq is a piece of what was in days of yore known as Mesopotamia, or ?the land between two streams.? The district where the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers meet up has come to be known as the ?Cradle of Civilization,? what's more, when concentrated to any degree, one can undoubtedly comprehend why the contentions in present day are so unpredictable. First it was the Sumerians who settled Mesopotamia back in 4000BC, than it was Akkadians, at that point the Assyrians, the Babylonians, and the Persians. By the seventh century AD, the Arab Muslims had risen as a decision power and the ... ...2. Pelletiere, Stephen C. furthermore, Johnson, Douglas V. Exercises Learned : The Iran-Iraq War. Key Studies Institute, U.S. Armed force War College. Carlisle Barracks, Pennslyvania. 1991. Pelletiere, Stephen C., Johnson, Douglas V., and Rosenburger, Leif R. Iraqi Power and U.S. Security in the Middle East. Key Studies Institute, U.S. Armed force War College. Carlisle Barracks, Pennslyvania. 1990. Staff Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate : Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan : Iraq?s Final Offensive. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington D.C. 1988. http://www.iranchamber.com/history. May 2003. http://www.news.bbc.co.uk. January 2001. http://Lcweb2.loc.gov. May 2003. http://www.truthout.org. June 2001. Vanity Fair, January and February 2002, just as Time, March 10, 2003, were all by implication refered to too.

The Components Of A Mature Understanding Of Death

Midterm 1. Discuss the components of a mature understanding of death, and what factors may lead to, contribute to, or affect its development. Death is made up by multiple concepts, which include, universality, irreversibility, nonfunctionality, causality, and personal mortality. Universality refers to the fact that all living things must eventually die since death is inevitable. Irreversibility remarks that death is irrevocable and final. Therefore, no organism that experiences death can come back to life. Nonfunctionality emphasizes the fact that death implies the cessation of physiological functions. Once a person dies, all the capabilities and functions the body has come to an ending. Causality highlights that there are biological reasons for death that can be internal and external. Internal causes of heath include diseases and external reasons can often be associated with physical trauma. Personal mortality is the last component and it is closely related to universality. It addresses the understanding that one must die as all living things eventually do. According to The Last Dance, a child gains all components of a mature concept of death between the ages of seven and ten. However, it is later noted that it is more reliable to take developmental sequence into consideration instead of age due to the fact that children develop at different rates. In order for a child to have a mature understanding of death, it is important for him or her to have experiences regardingShow MoreRelatedPursuing A Master s Student Affairs1412 Words   |  6 Pagescollege students’ experiences. Chickering’s Vectors are developing competence, managing emotions, moving through autonomy toward interdependence, developing mature interpersonal relationships, establishing identity developing purpose, and developing integrity (Pg. 297-299). Chickering and Reisser (1993) categorized competence into three components: intellectual competence, physical and manual skills, and interpersonal competence. According to the text, developing competence is †Å"a sense of competenceRead MoreHow Emotions Can Be Broken Down Into Four Basic Emotions930 Words   |  4 Pagesresponse of fear overwhelms you. Emotions are not only dependent upon a situation, but are also influenced by an individual’s level of emotional maturity. â€Å"There are six levels of emotional maturity: responsibility, honesty, openness, assertiveness, understanding, and detachment† (FitzMaurice). The six levels of maturity are not always achieved and individuals often exhibit more or one category than another. The first level of maturity is responsibility. During this stage, an individual accepts responsibilityRead MoreChange Is the Only Constant991 Words   |  4 Pagescycles begin and end. Whether a person can adapt to these changes and become a proactive participant in a constantly changing world is a key component in â€Å"full development† or maturity. To illustrate this point, let us look at life from two different perspectives. On the one hand, the immature child is dependent on those around him or her. On the other hand, a mature adult is responsible for those around him or her. Being responsible makes the ever changing circumstances of life a lot more challengingRead MoreChange Is the Only Constant1006 Words   |  5 Pagescycles begin and end. Whether a person can adapt to these changes and become a proactive participant in a constantly changing world is a key component in â€Å"full development† or maturity. To illustrate this point, let us look at life from two different perspectives. On the one hand, the immature child is dependent on those around him or her. On the other hand, a mature adult is responsible for those around him or her. 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To mitigate this gap in our understanding, these new studies address a role of Cys homeostasis and their control points which could be applicable to the wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders that have been connected to OS dysregulation of the GSH redox buffer and neuron death e.g. environmental toxins, Parkinsons disease, and Alzheimers disease as well as FASD. The neuronal EAAC1 transporter isRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of A Worldview1002 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world. An individual’s worldview is deeply embedded in their subconscious and, unless reflected upon, is difficult to intellectualize (Sire, n.d.). This philosophy is developed from early childhood and undergoes continual transformation as one matures. Worldviews are a matter of spiritual orientation, rather than a matter of the mind alone (Sire, n.d.). It is important to understand one’s worldview, because it is the source from which all thoughts and actions are derived. 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For example, the interpersonal component of testing and dependence occurs in conjunction with the task of orientation’ (Tuckman, 1965, p. 385). Tuckman (1965) stated â€Å"It may be said that orientationRead MoreViolence Is Running Rampant Within Our Society1409 Words   |  6 Pagesgirlfriend unconscious in a brutal assault to the ABC News report on the NFL player beating his four year old son with a â€Å"switch† to the point of drawing blood and leaving scars to the early morning news broadcast of the child abuse and heart-breaki ng death of two year old Colton Turner of Leander, violence is running rampant within our society. Every year, all across the United States, adolescents are subjected to such violence within their own homes, schools, and communities. According to the World

ABA Applied Behavior Analysis

ABA or Applied Behavior Analysis is a time tested and data-based strategy for teaching children with disabilities. It is most often used with children with autistic spectrum disorders but is an effective tool for children with behavioral disorders, multiple disabilities, and severe intellectual handicaps. It is the only treatment for Autistic Spectrum disorders approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration.) ABA is based on the work of B.F. Skinner, also known as the father of Behaviorism.  Behaviorism is a scientific means of understanding behavior.  Known as the three-term contingency, the behavior is a stimulus, response, and reinforcement.  It is also understood as Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence, or ABC. The ABCs of ABA The antecedent is what happens before the behavior, and may or may not have a causal relationship.  The behavior is what the subject does:  we try to operationalize the behavior, or find a way to objectively describe the behavior.  We would not say Jimmy was disrespectful, we would say Jimmy shouted at the teacher and called her an inappropriate racially charged term.  Finally, the consequence, or what happens after the behavior.  It is usually here that we look for the reinforcement: in other words, what Jimmy gets out of calling the teacher that bad name.  Is it attention from his peers?  Is it being sent to the office so he misses the spelling test?   Another scientist who significantly credited with developing ABA was Ivar Lovaas, a psychologist at the University of California Los Angeles.  His seminal work in applying behaviorism to children significantly disabled with autism led to what we now call ABA.   For many people, behaviorism seems overly mechanistic.  Human beings are valued and meaning assigning creatures, and we would like to believe that there is some powerful underlying mystic about behavior--hence Freudianism.  Although it may seem simplistic, behaviorism may be the best way to strip away all our cultural prejudices and see behaviors as they are.  This is especially helpful with children with autism, who have difficulty with communication, appropriate social interaction, and language.  Moving to the three-term contingency helps us evaluate what we really see when we see a behavior. ABA has proven to be an effective means to support appropriate social, functional and even academic behavior.  A special form of ABA, known as VBA or Verbal Behavioral Analysis, applies the tenets of ABA to language; hence Verbal Behavior. The BACB, or Behavior Analyst Certification Board, is the international organization that certifies professionals who design and create the therapies that are used, especially what is called Discrete Trials.  Discrete trials involve the stimulus, response, reinforcement three-term contingency mentioned above. The BACB also maintains a roster of local BCBAs who can provide services to children with autism. Also Known As: VBA, Lovaas

Gender Stereotypes And Gender Roles - 1241 Words

We will never be able to control how gender stereotypes are formed. Gender roles were naturally created as a result of human evolution and the different modes of living that were adopted by humans. Humans, however remain the driving force behind reinforcing gender roles and stereotypes with different mediums. Such as television, art, and writing. In order to understand how gender is portrayed in contemporary American comedy this paper will analyze the characters from the television show, It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia. †¢ Gender roles and television †¢ Gender roles in comedy †¢ Gender stereotypes applied to It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia Television shows are one medium in which gender roles are reinforced on a daily basis. Much research has been done to look at how gender roles are portrayed on television. One research study done by Kym Bradley looked at heterosexualized gender in the prime time comedy Two and a Half Men. One article by Lauren Thompson analyzed the characters of the show, How I Met Your Mother. Other studies that have been done have looked at how the genders of the producers or writers of television shows effect the gender stereotypes of the characters. Another study that was done by Jack Glascock in which he looked at a variety of prime time television shows to see if the representations of men and women have changed through the years. There has not been very much gender stereotype research done on any one specific television show. It’s Always Sunny inShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesRoles are often assigned to boys and girls in accordance with the sex assigned at birth. We refer to these as gender roles. Gender roles begin to be imposed as early as birth. The nursery in the hospital assigns either a blue name plate for a boy or a pink name plate for a girl. These roles are continuously reinforced by family. Children learn at an early age that boys and girls are different. Children observe gender roles and in many cases these roles are eventually accepted as an unquestionableRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the â€Å"Victoria’s Secret† ad for a line of undergarments labeled â€Å"The Showstopper.† The headline is â€Å"Show nothing but your shape,† and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles954 Words   |  4 Pages Gender can be a hot topic within cultures; a male or female does not want to be told that they can or cannot do something based on their gender. Every culture views gender roles differently, and some cultures are more serious about gender than others. Many times, male and female actions are determined by what a person has been taught is right; furthermore, gender roles are a set of societal norms that are the behaviors that a sex is generally known to do and what is considered accepted of a personRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1261 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen expected to act a certain way depending on their sex. These societal expectations are called gender roles. (Rathus, 2010, p.447). These roles begin to develop even before a child is even out of the womb. A mother may decorate their nursery pink if they are having a daughter because â€Å"girls like pink,† and â€Å"boys like blue.† Gender roles should not be confused with gender stereotypes. A gender stereotype is a narrow way of thinking about how men and woman are obligated to behave. For example, men haveRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes1102 Words   |  5 PagesDefined Gender Roles Creating a Lack of Reality in Children’s Literature Distinction is a concept that is learned at a very young age. It is used as a tool to distinguish between race, religion, language, age and especially gender. Where certain topics regarding race and religion may be considered more taboo, the definition of gender is always open for discussion but it is not always depicted in all forms of the word. Children can feel isolated if they cannot relate to individuals they look up toRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles1246 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles are defined as the â€Å"widely accepted societal expectations about how males and females should behave† (Rathus, 2010). From gender roles, we, the people of society, are able to determine whether someone identifies as a male or a female. Both biological and social factors tend to determine what gender roles a person takes on. 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Countries around the world have very different gender norms, though there are some recurrent patterns between many cultures. For most recurrent patterns there is a culture who does not abide by those gender norms. There is typically many good reasons for each recurrent pattern that makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint. There is also a significant difference in the way men and women are t reated. This is causedRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Gender Roles Essay2036 Words   |  9 Pagesalong the development of gender stereotypes and gender roles that have an impact on how children come to understand their own gender identity. Environmental factors such as peers, the media, and even parents perpetuate stereotypes through their own actions. Children come to understand gender during development through experiences that are shaped by their environment and perpetuated by their culture, which ultimately encourages gender stereotypes and conformity to gender roles. Children are born into

Sales Case Study free essay sample

We can always hire regular employees but sometimes we only need someone for a little while. When company needs help they often need it right away. Markets change and the economy changes with it. Businesses need to have that type of flexibility also. In this case where two out of five salespersons have resigned within six months of joining the company, there is definitely a problem with the staffing process. The staffing process of SWISHFLOW LTD. (which deals in manufacturing and marketing consumer durables like fans and water purifies for household consumers and commercial firm) included the sales manager deciding the job qualifications of salespersons based on what they have learnt in MBA programme and have various other serious concerns as well. Improvement in the Staffing Process There is a need of reviewing the whole staffing process and tries to find out the problems and their respective solutions. Swishflok need to do the theoretical work and should emphasis once again on the selection of salespersons. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It includes establishing responsibility, deciding upon sales identifying various sources for recruiting for sales, selecting the sales people, giving them job offer and by providing social- contacts as well as contacts with co workers. So the staffing process should be as Establish Responsibility Problem: Almost all of the staffing decisions are governed by the sales manager and he is lacking in practical knowledge as well. Solution: Staffing Decisions should be controlled by the apex authority of organization whether by top level management or they can have a separate dedicated authority for it. Moreover Mr. Sunil Kumar, Sales Manager of Swishflow Ltd. should take suggestions and recommendations from the concerned authorities. Deciding the number of sales person needed Problem: Recruitment of only 5 salespeople to cover major metros cities of Maharashtra will not give accurate results due to insufficient coverage. Solution: Swishflow ltd. Should go for hiring of more salespersons depending upon area of coverage. And more and more people should be called for interview so as to get better and qualified salespersons. Outline the type of Sales People needed Problem: Problem related to outline the type of sales people needed are most importantly that Sales manager have assigned different works to salespersons which leads to lose their interest and ultimately end with lack of job satisfaction among salespersons. Solution: The best solution for this thing will be that Salespeople should be used efficiently in their respective domain only. Â  Identify sources of sales recruits Problem: The company is using advertisement in the local newspaper as a external source for recruiting the salespeople only which is traditional and not so much effective. Solution: Swishflow Ltd. hould advertise in national newspapers as well as in trade journals in order to get a good number of highly qualified candidates. Develop tools amp; procedure for measuring applicants Problem: Swishflow have adopted the method of deciding upon the job qualifications of salespersons based on what they have learnt in their MBA program. Solution: Instead of giving job description as pe r their academic background company should consult experienced members of the company. Selection Decision Problem: The biggest and severe problem with the whole selection process is absence of H. R. person in the interview process. Moreover there is also a problem with wrong selection criteria – absence of local people. Solution: They should include at least one H. R. person in the selection process. For example Head of the organization can take part in selection process. Sales people should be local to their area of operation. HIRING Making the job offer Problem: Compensations to salespersons were not clearly defined. As per the case salespersons are having Residence problem. Solution: Regarding compensation of salespeople details should be informed priorily and clearly. The company conducted a one week training program only and generally guidedthe new sales person who reported Mr. Sunil Kumar directly. Solution: More time and emphasis should be given to training in order to give all-round development of people Assimilation Problem: Lack of social interaction with the new environment. Solution: Sales manager should give as much time as possible to the new sales person by providing social- contacts as well as contacts with co workers. They can also show them various video tapes or films about the company’s mission should be. They should shared values, employee benefits and the information about the job.

Introduction to Arts Essay Example

Introduction to Arts Essay Definition of Terms A. Art According to various authors 1. J. V Estolas Art is derived from the Latin word â€Å"ars†Ã‚  Ã‚  which means ability or skill 2. A. Tan Art is taken from the Italian word â€Å"artis†, which means craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form and ideas, between materials and techniques. 3. F. Zulueta Art  is a product of mans needs to express himself. 4. C. Sanchez Art is concerned itself with the communication of certain ideas and feelings by means of sensuous medium, color, sound, bonze, marble, words and film. 5. Plato Art is that which brings life in  harmony with the beauty of the beauty of the world   6. John Dewey 7. Panizio and Rustia – B. Appreciation C. Art Appreciation Art Appreciation simply means being able to look at works and form your own opinions. Naturally, those arty terms will be explained along the way. D. Humanities The  humanities  are  academic disciplines  that study the  human condition, using methods that are primarily  analytical,[citation needed]  critical, or  speculative, as distinguished from the mainly  empirical  approaches of the  natural sciences. E. Subject Four Common Essential of Arts Common essentials of arts are  line, shape, texture, light, value, color, and space. The Subject of Arts Ways of Representing the Subject 1- REALISM – the attempt to portray the subject as it is. Realists try to be as objective as possible. 2- ABSTRACTION – the attempt of the artist to show only his idea or his feeling; not as objective as the realist. 3- SYMBOLISM – the use of a visible sign of an idea to convey to the viewers, readers or audiences the message of his work. 4- FAUVISM – the artist use of bright colors which shows pictures of comfort, joy and pleasure. This is the method used by Henry Matisse, Raoul Drify and George Ronault. 5- We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Arts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Arts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Arts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer DADAISM – is a protest movement in the art that is playful and experimental. â€Å"Dada† means a â€Å"hobby horse†. Dadaism is most often nonsensical. Marcel Duchamp is the famous painter using this method. 6- FUTURISM – developed in Italy about the same time as cubism appeared in France. Futurist painters wanted their works to capture the mechanical energy of modern life. 7- SURREALISM – this method mirrors the evils of the present society. Surrealism means super realism, influenced by Freudian psychology which emphasizes the activities of the subconscious state of the mind. IMPRESSIONISM – this method presented the artist’s impression on the art subject, not as detailed as a realist painting. 9- EXPRESSIONISM – are art works describing pathos, morbidity chaos or even defeat. Introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910. Kinds of Subject 1. Realism Realism  in the  visual arts  and  literature  is the general atte mpt to depict subjects as they are considered to exist in third person objective, without embellishment or interpretation and in accordance with secular,  empirical  rules.   As such, the approach inherently implies a belief that such  reality  is  ontologically independent of mans conceptual schemes, linguistic practices and beliefs, and thus can be known (or knowable) to the artist, who can in turn represent this reality faithfully. As  Ian Watt  states, modern realism begins from the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through the senses and as such it has its origins in Descartes  and  Locke, and received its first full formulation by  Thomas Reid  in the middle of the eighteenth century. The attempt to portray the subject as it is. Realists try to be as objective as possible. 2. Abstraction – Abstraction is the attempt of the artist to show only his idea or his feeling; not as objective as the realist. 3. Distortion 4. Surrealism – This method mirrors the evils of the present society. Surrealism means super realism, influenced by Freudian psychology which emphasizes the activities of the subconscious state of the mind. Subject and Content The Four Main Functions of Arts Aesthetic through art, man  becomes conscious of the  beauty of nature. He benefits from  his own work and from those done by his fellowmen. He learns to use, love, and preserve them for his enjoyment and appreciation. Utilitarian -with the creation of the various forms of art, man now lives in comfort and happiness. Through art,  man is provided with shelter, clothing, food, light, medicine, beautiful surroundings, personal ornamentals, entertainment,  language, transportation, and other necessities and conveniences of life. Art not only enriches man’s life but also improves nature through landscape gardening, creation of super-highways and through propagation of natural  resources. Cultural through the printed matter, art transmits and preserves skills and knowledge from one generation to another. It burdens one’s cultural background and makes man more civilized and his life more enduring and satisfying. Social Art has social functions when it addresses aspects of life, as opposed to one persons point of view or experience Other Functions Personal The personal functions of art vary from  person to person. Physical Works of art that are created to perform some service have physical functions. The Scope of Art According to: Monopolies Custodia Sanchez Josefina Estolas Panizio and Rustia The Origin of Art The very concept of the ‘birth’ or ‘origin’ of art may seem inappropriate, since humans are by nature artists and the history of art begins with that of humanity. In their artistic impulses and achievements humans express their vitality, their ability to establish a beneficial and positive relationship with their environment, to humanize nature; their behavior as artists is one of the characteristics for selection favorable to the evolution of the human species. Evidence from a huge analysis of rock art and cave paintings and engravings shows that, from their origins, humans have also been  Homo aestheticus.

Swot Analysis of Bank Al-Falah Essays

Swot Analysis of Bank Al-Falah Essays Swot Analysis of Bank Al-Falah Essay Swot Analysis of Bank Al-Falah Essay SWOT Analysis of Bank Al-Falah Here we have applied this very useful technique to identifythe strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats ofBank Al-Falah. Strengths Strengths Strong Financial Position Strong Financial Position As we can see in the financial statements of the bank, the financial position of the organization is very sound and its profitability is in increasing. The Earning per sharehas been increased on a rate of about 50%, which is a verypositive sign. Highly Qualified Employees Highly Qualified Employees The bank has highly qualified and skilled workforceand it has succeeded to attract the best bankingprofessionals from across the country due to its growingpace and sound reputation. Conducive Environment Conducive Environment The management of the bank is very muchconcerned with the development of and improvement of theworking environment. The bank has state of the art andpurpose built branches where all the modern technologiesare provided to get the efficiency of the workforce and thecustomer satisfaction. Govt. Support and Encouragement Govt. Support and Encouragement As the owners of the bank belong to UAE and thetype of their investment in Pakistan is a foreign investment,the govt. is fully supporting the bank management due to itspolicy to maximize the foreign investment in the country, toget the economic prosperity. Fastest Growing Financial Institution Fastest Growing Financial Institution Due to its successful business policies and thestrong financial position the bank has achieved thereputation of fastest growing financial institution in thecountry. It has greatly increased the customers confidencein the bank Huge Expansion Plan Huge Expansion Plan Due to its strong financial position the bank has undergone a huge expansion plan to compete with the existing bank all over the country and with the passage of time the branch network is expanding at a very good pace. Young and Energetic Workforce Young and Energetic Workforce As the bank is a newer one in the country, the bankhas an advantage over its competitors because the majorityof its workforce is young and not very much over aged. Thus the bank is getting maximum out put from its youngand energetic workforce by spending comparatively less ontheir remunerations. Islamic Banking Division Islamic Banking Division The bank is one of the pioneers of the commercialbanks who have started the Islamic Banking along with theirconventional banking. The bank has a separate network ofits Islamic Banking Division which has 16 branches acrossthe country and this network is also expanding at a very good pace. Weaknesses Waiver of charges Waiver of charges Currently the middle management of bank Al-Falah is thebig reason for waiver of charges. Bank Al-Falah loosing alot of its income likes (Cheque book charge, online charges,statement charges, and other things) because ofmanagement. This is a weakness of bank Al-Falah. Inexperienced workforce Inexperienced workforce As the majority of the workforce consists of young professional, they lack in their experience. And sometimes ack of experience becomes a hurdle while serving to thecustomers. It is the point where they feel difficulty whilecompeting the other bank, which have a very experiencedworkforce. Over work Load on Employees Over work Load on Employees It was observed in the branch that as compared tohuge business the bank is dealing in, the no. of employeesis lesser and thus there is an increased workload on theemployees. Due to this the efficiency of the employees isreduced. Employees are not very much Employees are not very much Motivated Motivated As discussed before, the workload is high and theemployees, especially the credit department, have to dolate sittings to complete their tasks. On the other hand thebank has revised its salary increments policy to decreasethe increment rate, as a result a decreased motivation levelof employees is observed Opportunities Rapidly Growing Economy Rapidly Growing Economy At present the Pakistan’s Economy is growing on avery fast pace. The rapid growth of economy has resulted inthe increase in the growth rate of all economic sectorsespecially in the banking sector which is growing at afastest speed than ever and in future the growth is expectedto increase even a higher rate. Increased Interest Rates Increased Interest Rates The SBP has revised the interest policy and theinterest rates have been linked with the KIBOR rates. Dueto which the banks interest rate has been substantiallyincreased which will greatly increase the banks’ profitability. Mega Projects Financing Mega Projects Financing As the increase in overall business activity in thecountry, the investors are launching various types of MegaProjects especially in housing and textile the bank has agreat opportunity to finance these projects at very profitableterm. Huge Demand for Consumer Huge Demand for Consumer Financing Financing The increase in per capita income and overalleconomy has resulted into a great demand for theconsumer financing especially for home finance and carfinancing and it is said that this trend will increase more infuture. The bank can earn a lot by focusing on its consumerfinancing sections. Merger with UBL Merger with UBL After the privatization of United Bank Limited,  themanagement of the BAL has purchased the majority sharesof the UBL, and it is planning to merge these two banks. AsUBL is the second largest bank in the country, this mergercan make the bank the largest bank of the country. Growing Trend of Islamic Banking Growing Trend of Islamic Banking There is a very good growth trend in the Islamicbanking in the country and in the world as well. BAL has theadvantage of having full fledged Islamic Banking networkand the growth in this particular field can be very fruitful forthe bank. Spending Practices of Mass Spending Practices of Mass As the Pakistani’s are known for their extravagantpractices, and to fulfill their funds requirements they don’thesitate from getting loans from banks. Thus there is a verygood scope for the bank to run successful business in suchcircumstances.

Improving the innovation capability of Blackberry Assignment

Improving the innovation capability of Blackberry - Assignment Example This Canadian company decided to change its name to Blackberry as consumers were having a difficult time correlating the Blackberry name with Research in Motion. This trading name gives the Blackberry device a solid brand image associated with the company and its core values, which was a positive marketing decision made by the organisation. Between 2000 and 2007, Research in Motion had been the foremost pioneer in smartphone technology, being a pioneer in the technology industry. The market, at the time, did not provide consumers with a variety of options when it came to evolving mobile phone technology and, upon the launch of the Blackberry Pearl 8100, it was the only company that had a comparable offering, thus setting the product category for the industry. It was not until today’s leaders in smartphone technologies, such as Apple and Samsung, launched their first smartphone versions in the retail market that Blackberry began to quickly lose market share and also their reput ation for being an untouchable innovator in the industry. This essay describes how innovation is managed at Blackberry, how innovation projects are managed and carried out along the existing business model, and how culture supports or hinders innovation production at the firm. Findings are supported by both secondary and primary data, including an Internet chat interview with a representative from Blackberry, Christophe Lefort, general manager of Blackberry in France who agreed to participate in a 20 minute online interview. Strategy Unfortunately, Blackberry does not publicise its internal operational strategies and innovation efforts as this would deplete its publicized competitive advantages for a struggling organisation. In 2002, at the height of the business’ pinnacle as an innovator, the company experienced explosive sales volumes of its earliest Blackberry devices. By 2008, the company had become a cost leader, having launched multiple versions of the widely-accepted B lackberry device whilst reducing operating expenses, boasting a stock price of over $144 (Yahoo! Finance 2013). However, it quickly became apparent that Apple and Samsung, in 2008, had produced much more innovative smartphone devices, thus both companies seizing market share from Research in Motion and quickly gaining brand loyalty. By 2012, stock valuation in Research in Motion was less than $8 per share as the company struggled enormously to regain its footing as a pioneering leader. With a highly leveraged business model coupled with consumers that were quickly becoming entranced with the innovative technologies offered by Apple, Blackberry nearly approached bankruptcy. Therefore, the new business, Blackberry, would find considerable competitive danger by publicizing its internal efforts at innovation and strategy. It was just recently, in 2013, that Blackberry launched its latest Blackberry smartphone model which did find success in its target markets, thus providing the capital required for Blackberry to continue operating, to persevere as a publicly traded company, and determine the next innovation to save the company’s future. Having identified these limitations in available research, the current strategy for innovation as a survival methodology and to regain positive brand reputation can be explored, with assistance from the interview respondent. Prior to 2008, no representatives at then Research and Motion believed that they would lose their innovative competitive edge. Even industry experts believed that RIM would maintain its leadership position in the smartphone industry indefinitely which continued to push its stock prices ever higher with each news release about impending product developments. Essentially, Research in Motion

Families in Poverty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Families in Poverty - Assignment Example 1d. Women, infant and children get benefited from WIC as they get food supplement, free information on health, milk and formulas for babies, immunization referrals and reduction in medical expenses. However, the cons of this program is that it gets misused by the family who can take care of themselves, difficult to access for women living in rural areas and results in increase prices for formulas for parent not on WIC program, since half of the formula being sold in US is been subsidized by WIC. (Rector & Sheffield, 2011) 2a. After reading the article it can be said that the writer was implicitly implying that the poor we consider today are not really poor. If one pays attention closely, poor according to statistics own air-conditioning, a car, X-box, PlayStation and are not living over crowdedly, which shows that they are better off than the middle class of previous years. The sarcasm that the poor worries about paying the air-conditioning bill and putting food on the table implies that the eligibility criteria for government welfare should be reevaluated. The question ‘how a poor person can be poor, if they own a TV and air-conditioning?’ is actually an exclamation rather than question, because what poverty actually means is that the person is homeless, foodless and in time of severe hardship, rather than worrying about being not able to pay AC bills. 2b. As of now, owning such items will disqualify the participant form being considered poor, because the government definition of a poor household include house/apartment installed with air-conditioning, television, car, two color televisions, DVD player and VCR. 3. If I could formulate a plan or strategy to remove poverty, it will include all the departments of the State and a meeting at national level (Smiley & West, 2012). The plan will comprise of few different techniques and this will involve increasing of minimum wage to $11 per hour, as lack of money is the major

Business in India Essay Example for Free

Business in India Essay In order to do business in India, it is necessary ensure that the business is set under the required procedures and regulations of industrial undertaking.   The goods to be manufactured should fall within licensed, relicensed or small scale sector.   A license allows a company to use the property of the licensor.   The properties could either be intangible items like trademarks, patent rights and production techniques. To get the license, one is required to fill an application with the Ministry of Industry. Starting a company in India for the aforesaid involves assessing the commercial opportunity for self, managing business, obtaining legal requirements, money, business premises, obtaining workers and developing the marketing schemes for the products to be produced and the services to be offered. In this case Roger Smith at Prime Pumps has suggested that Maddock Inc and Governor Inc enter the Indian market as a joint venture.   It will be a great idea to take since a joint venture business has the advantage of sharing risks, sharing of technology to increase and improve production and it is possible to conform to government’s regulations.   Also, in a joint venture business internationally, there are quick political connections and distribution channels. Having done business together, it means that the two business associates will experience the converging of their strategic goals while diverging their competitive goal.   In this they will only operate to improve their business by influencing market power and learning from one another while restraining admittance to their personal proprietary skills. Advantages of early entry into a foreign market The company enjoys monopoly since there could be no other companies producing the same products. This increases the profits and hence the company can expand its operations in a very short time limit. A company enjoys reduced labor cost as there are no other firms to compete with in determining wage packages.   The workers will not have options to choose which companies to work for in regard to the pay accorded. Ability to secure a wide market in the absence of other competing companies hence increased sales will be experienced. Disadvantages of early entry into a foreign market Lack of competition could lead to poor production quality of goods or services that a company is dealing with. Poor quality goods could pose a health hazard situation to the consumer and this could also lead to a crisis in the economy A company might not have the power to confront the government when its operating alone in a foreign market pertaining the rights of foreign companies and this could cause oppression on the side of the company for lack of bargaining power. Peter should be careful to consider what the targets are for the business to be set up in India, where to locate the business and the manner in which it should be established.   He should outline how ready is the business to give back to the community in terms of employing the local citizens in India, producing quality services and products.   They should also investigate and learn the interests and requirements of the people of India and provide possible solutions to the same. Peter will have to estimate the potential correctly to avoid underestimation of India’s complexity or overestimation of the probabilities in India. Overestimation or Underestimation may lead to failure and it is necessary to give a due consideration to the factor of the inherent difficulties and uncertainties of operating in the Indian system.   It is worth noting that India is has a large economy in the world and it offers high prospects for development in practically all areas of business. Also the inefficient bureaucracy of the Indian government is moving slowly which calls for reforms. Since Melanie has limited knowledge regarding international law, it will not be appropriate for Peter to share with her what other companions have suggested because she might not even understand.   Lack of knowledge on international law means that Melanie will not have an idea of how to deal with any occurrence in the international field. Conclusion For a business to thrive in a foreign country, the owners should ensure that they comply with federal regulations so that there will be a smooth running of the business without disturbance from the local authorities.   For the joint venture business, the partners should sign up the partnership deed to ensure they conduct themselves as per the requirements. It is important that individual also have a general knowledge of international law and business operations to avoid any inconveniences.

Absence Measurement and Management Essays -- null

This essay answers the following questions. 1) Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract? 2) What advice would you give to the Directors to measure absence levels and causes? 3) What procedures would you recommend should be established to manage absence? You must justify your recommendations. 4) How should the devolution of People Management responsibilities to first line managers be handled? 1) Why and how should absence be proactively managed without damaging the psychological contract? The psychological contract is an informal, unwritten contract between employer and employee. It includes their mutual agreement towards obligations to one and other. It will entail certain expectations which should be attempted to be upheld. This contract is based on trust and respect, and employees with effective managers should have a strong understanding of what their psychological contract entails, as well as their formal written contract which can be upheld legally. All employees at Insure it Wright, should understand both of these contracts and it is important when attempting to manage an issue, such as absence, that the psychological contract is not affected. The directors have identified absences as an issue, which is having a negative impact on the organisation as a whole and the service it is providing. This should be dealt with as swiftly as possibly in a manner which will not affect the psychological or written contract. They are having issues with several types on absence, particularly short term and unauthorised absence. Absence must be so rigidly monitored because, a large amount of absence will have a negative impact on the company financially. Particul... ...: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/absence-measurement-management.aspx. Last accessed 20th of April 2014. †¢ CIPD staff. (2012). The Role of line managers in HR. Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/role-line-managers-hr.aspx. Last accessed 24th April 2014. †¢ 1.BLACK, C. and FROST, D. (2011) Health at work: an independent review of sickness absence. Cm 8205. London: Department for Work and Pensions. Available: http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/health-at-work.pdf. Last accessed 28th April 2014. †¢ Taylor, Baldry, Bain & Ellis. (2003). A Unique Working Environment': Health, Sickness and †¢ eAbsence Management in UK Call Centres. Work, Employment & Society . 17 (3), 435-458 †¢ James P, Cunningham I & Dibben P. (2002). Absence management and the issues of job retention and return to work. Human Resources and Management Journal. 12 (2), 82-94.

Implementing Relationship Marketing: the Role of Internal and External Customer Orientation

Developing an internal and external customer orientation will facilitate the implementation of relationship marketing principles by businesses. Relationship marketing highlights the need for an external customer orientation, which in turn raises the need for customer-oriented employees. Employees will only be customer-oriented if an internal customer orientation is evident in the business. Four constructs pertaining to the internal customer orientation of small- to medium-sized textile retailers in the North-West Province were identified.After checking for internal consistency, effect sizes were determined for these constructs analysing the practical significance of employees’ as opposed to management’s opinion on the underlying constructs. Similarly, four constructs referring to the external customer orientation of the same businesses were identified. The four identified constructs underpinning an external customer orientation were also checked for internal consistency and the practical significance of customers’ as opposed to management’s opinion on the underlying constructs was determined through effect sizes.It was found that the identified businesses lack both an internal and external customer orientation. Recommendations are made to improve internal customer orientation for the sake of an improved external customer orientation. An improved external customer orientation will facilitate implementation of relationship marketing principles in these businesses. INTRODUCTION According to Saren and Tzokas (1998:187) researchers in relationship marketing have come to realise that there is a need for detailed empirical evidence on how this approach could be implemented in order to promote a beneficial customer-business relationship.Morris, Brunegee and Page (1998:360) and Fornier (1998:343) argue that a lack of knowledge and consensus about relationship marketing and the activities involved in the implementation thereof has led to diffi culties in operationalising the construct. This study addresses this concern by arguing that a relationship marketing orientation is facilitated by management being sufficiently orientated to the needs and expectations of employees (internal customer orientation) as well as to those of customers (external customer orientation).The internal and external customer orientations of small- to medium-sized textile retailers in the North-West Province were investigated by means of effect size analyses. The goal and objectives of the study are subsequently explained, followed by a theoretical exposition on the interface between relationship marketing as well as internal and external customer orientation. A description of the research methodology is followed by the empirical results on internal and external customer orientation of the businesses that participated in the study.Conclusions are drawn from these empirical findings. Finally, managerial implications are discussed based on the concl usions. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The goal of this study is to explore internal and external customer orientation as elements facilitating relationship marketing implementation by small- to medium-sized textile retailers in the North-West Province. This goal will be achieved through the following objectives: to explore the interface between relationship marketing, and internal and external customer orientation; †¢ to report on empirical findings related to internal and external customer orientation of small- to medium-sized textile retailers in the North-West Province; and †¢ to consider the managerial implications of the above empirical findings for managing these retailers. FOSTERING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CUSTOMER ORIENTATION TO FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RELATIONSHIP MARKETINGSheth and Parvatiyar (1995:261) define relationship marketing as â€Å"an orientation that seeks to develop close interaction with selected customers, suppliers and competitors for va lue creation through co-operative and collaborative efforts†. This definition suggests that businesses should pursue profitable business relationships. Morgan and Hunt (1994:22) define relationship marketing as â€Å"all marketing activities directed towards establishing, developing and maintaining successful relational exchanges†. This definition sets out the ultimate goals of relationship marketing, but does not show what relationship marketing entails.Attempts have been made to address this limitation by emphasising the dimensions and activities of relationship marketing. These dimensions and activities include (Too, Souchon and Thirkell, 2001:290): †¢ customer retention; †¢ product benefits; †¢ quality improvement; †¢ customer service; †¢ customer commitment by the business; and †¢ frequent contact with the customer. The first four issues refer to the business’ customer orientation while the last two relate to customer relationsh ip management practices.Kotler and Armstrong (2001:9, 667-681) indicate that relationship marketing is the process of creating, maintaining and enhancing strong value-laden relationships with customers and other stakeholders. According to this definition, relationship marketing does not end with customers, but includes all stakeholders (i. e. employees, channel members, stockholders and others). Relationship marketing advocates the establishment of long-term and profitable relationships between (both internal and external) partners or stakeholders (Zikmund and d’Amico, 2001:8).These relationships are not naturally sustained and should therefore not be taken for granted (Day, 2000:25). Long-term and profitable relationships are only established when trust, commitment and service are inculcated in relationship partners (Buttle, 1996:8-9). Stakeholder relationships also have to transcend functional boundaries (Beth, Burt, Copacino, Gopal, Lee, Lynch and Morris, 2003:67-68). Rela tionship marketing advocates that an engineer should, for example, take time to see how he could best design the product to satisfy the customer’s needs.The same applies to the accounting department – it should develop credit and payment terms that will best suit the customer while it needs also realising a profit for the business (Ostroff and Smith, 1992:22-23). In this respect Day (2000:24-30) argues that the ability to create and maintain relationships depends, inter alia, on the integration of key internal processes in the business. The implementation of relationship marketing therefore depends on a well-developed internal (employee) and external customer orientation.Taher, Leigh and French (1996:218) argue that in order to be customer-oriented, marketers should provide exceptional performance in quality, delivery and cost competitiveness (i. e. customer orientation). The business should also understand how customers measure value and how these value expectations c an be met. To win orders, a business should exhibit an external customer orientation that manifests the relative strength of the business in relation to its competitors (Koufteros, Vonderembse and Doll, 2000:526).To attain lasting customer orientation careful attention should be given to detail, meeting promises and swift response to the requirements of customers – i. e. competitive capabilities. The same authors define competitive capabilities further as a business’ ability to meet customer expectations compared to its competitor’s ability to do the same. Day (2000:28) argues that a customer orientation should be â€Å"immediately evident† in the mindset of those who deal directly with the customer. Kennedy, Goolsby and Arnould (2003:77-79) found that the development of an external customer orientation will be facilitated by: leadership. Staff members must experience â€Å"an unbroken circuit of passionate, sincere, unified and committed leadership from top levels to local managers†; †¢ centrality of customer requirements and performance feedback. This will also assist in achieving the required inter-functional co-ordination and alignment; and †¢ collection and dissemination of external customer data. This data, however, only becomes conducive for customer orientation development when it is widely circulated in the business to become a shared organisation-wide platform from which decisions are made.Patterson and Smith (2001:438) also support this notion. It is stressed that customer orientation should be explicit, otherwise the business risks over-serving unprofitable accounts and wasting resources that might be allocated to profitable customer groups. In this respect Reinartz and Kumar (2002) distinguished between customer groups and suggested ways of managing each group for increased profitability. Relationship marketing raises the need for customer orientation, which in turn raises the need for customer-oriented employees.Bendapudi and Leone (2002:83) indicate that customers form relationships with employees who serve them, and that these relationships may be stronger than the customer’s relationship with the business represented by the employee. Employees will not be able to develop social relationships with customers if they were not recruited and trained with this in mind (Patterson and Smith, 2001:438). Without customer oriented employees it will be difficult to implement customer orientation because employees are the ones who have to make it happen.If customer-orientation is lacking, the implementation of relationship marketing will suffer. This is because dissatisfied customers will never develop good relationships with the business (Engel, Blackwell and Miniard, 1995:47). Attracting, developing and motivating employees as internal partners foster an internal customer orientation (Conway and Willcocks, 2000:81). Day (2000:28-29) recalls the efforts made by many businesses to m ake employee satisfaction and retention a top priority in recognition of the damage that high employee turnover and disgruntled employees can cause to customer relationships.Employee performance and attitude play an important role in service delivery to external customers. Employee satisfaction impacts on employee attitudes, which in turn influence employee performance and interaction with external customers. Employee interaction with external customers obviously plays a pivotal role in the ultimate success of the business (Lewis, 1989:41). Strauss (1995:62-77) distinguishes between internal customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction. He argues that internal customer satisfaction entails employees’ satisfaction with the performance of internal suppliers (workflow satisfaction).Internal customer satisfaction should, however, not be confused with employee satisfaction – i. e. the satisfaction of employees with their working conditions. He argues further that interna l customer satisfaction reflects in external customer satisfaction. For purposes of this study the identified relationship between internal and external customer satisfaction is acknowledged, but the distinction between internal customer orientation and employee satisfaction is rejected. Employees in small- to medium-sized textile retailing businesses are not dependent on intricate internal workflow processes.As they derive their workflow inputs directly from management, a distinction between management inputs (relating to Strauss’ employee satisfaction concept) and workflow inputs will be vague. Strauss (1995:63) himself points out that if managers are prepared to take responsibility for quality and act as role models, they can expect commitment from their employees – which will eventually result in improved bottom-line results. Sasser (2003) explains the relationship between employee and customer satisfaction in terms of value the business creates for employees, who in turn will be able to create value for customers.If the value created for employees and customers exceeds costs, value is being created for investors. Internal customer orientation is the result of a conscious management decision about the â€Å"organizational setting† (Strauss, 1995:68). Concerning this organisational setting Malherbe and Pearse (2003:2-12) found significant positive relationships between job enrichment characteristics and job satisfaction, and eventually between job satisfaction and service quality in the South African retail industry.Chaston (1995:332-349) investigated possible actions to establish a stronger internal customer orientation in UK clearing banks, and concluded, inter alia, that management’s improved understanding of internal customer needs will be helpful in this regard. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Small- to medium-sized textile retailers from six selected towns and cities in the North-West Province were investigated to assess their interna l and external customer orientation. Retailers from Brits, Klerksdorp, Lichtenburg, Mafikeng, Potchefstroom and Rustenburg were sampled.These cities and towns were chosen on the basis of their geographical representation in the province. They also represent the largest centres of economic activity in the province. A sampling frame of 61 small- to medium-sized textile retailing businesses were constituted by using information obtained from the Potchefstroom City Council, the Bureau of Marketing Research and Braby’s databases. The sampling frame included independent tailoring businesses, textile, fabrics, and cloth retailing businesses (retailers, merchants or distributors).Forty-eight (N1=48) of the 61 business owners/managers were willing to participate in the study and were subsequently interviewed. One hundred and four (N2=104) employees, as found on the 48 premises, were also interviewed. Finally, two hundred and thirty (N3=230) customer responses were gathered using avail ability sampling for periods of two hours at each of the 48 business premises. Separate questionnaires, incorporating close-ended structured items, were developed for management, employees and customers as three separate groups of respondents. Owners/managers had to respond to 77 items.Thirty one (31) of these items pertaining to internal customer orientation were duplicated in the employees’ questionnaire, requiring respondents to respond to them from an employee’s perspective. Thirty-three (33) of the items on external customer orientation related to owners/managers were also put to customers, requiring them to evaluate it from their perspective. Respondents had to respond to the items according to a four-measure Likert scale where: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree and 4 = strongly agree. The responses were statistically processed with the help of SAS software (SAS Institute Inc. 1999). The reliability of constructs associated with internal and external customer orientation was tested by means of Cronbach’s Alpha values and average inter item correlations (Clark and Watson, 1995) as reported below. The practical significant difference between specifically defined constructs for employees and owners/managers (internal customer orientation) as well as for customers and owners/managers (external customer orientation) is indicated by using effect sizes. Effect sizes are calculated as availability sampling was used instead of random sampling.As explained above, the six cities and towns, the businesses who participated in the study, the interviewed employees and the interviewed customers of these businesses were not randomly selected. Statistical inference is therefore not relevant. This eliminates the use of t-tests and p-values as a technique to analyse statistically significant differences between means of responses from management and employees (or management and customers). Unlike t-tests, effect sizes are independent from s ample size, as a standardised difference based on the maximum standard deviation between compared groups is calculated (Steyn, 2000).The effect sizes (d-values) were calculated by using the following formula (Cohen, 1988:20-27): [pic] where: †¢ d = effect size; †¢ [pic] is the difference between means of two compared groups (e. g. management and employees or management and customers); and †¢ [pic] is the maximum standard deviation of the two compared groups. To calculate effect sizes, the maximum standard deviation is used instead of a mean standard deviation to allow for a more conservative approach to practical significance (Steyn, 2000). Cohen (1988:20-27) gives the following guidelines for interpreting effect sizes: †¢ d ? 0. indicating no practically significant effect; †¢ d ? 0. 5 indicating a moderate effect that could be significant if more data had been collected; and †¢ d ? 0. 8 or larger indicating a practically significant effect. EMPIRICAL RESULTS Empirical results regarding both the internal and external customer orientations of small- to medium-sized textile retailers in the North-West Province are subsequently discussed. Empirical results: internal customer orientation Four constructs associated with internal customer orientation, as well as the items comprising these constructs, are reported in Table 1.The items comprising these constructs are also indicated. The four constructs exhibited Cronbach’s Alpha values all greater than 0. 6, indicating â€Å"good or adequate† reliability of the measurement scale (Clark and Watson, 1995:315). Average inter item correlations ([pic]) are also reported in Table 1. Clark and Watson (1995:316) indicate that the average inter item correlation should also be used as a measure of internal consistency. They recommend that the average inter item correlation should lie between 0. 15 – 0. 50.It is evident from Table 1 that the average inter item correlations fall within this range, indicating internal consistency of the constructs. TABLE 1 CRONBACH’S ALPHA AND AVERAGE INTER ITEM CORRELATIONS FOR INTERNAL CUSTOMER ORIENTATION |Construct |Cronbach’s Alpha |Average inter item | | | |correlation ([pic]) | |1. Management’s involvement with employees |0. 752 |0. 1 | |Applying management principles strictly | | | |Seeking people who can think of new strategies | | | |Culture of supporting staff | | | |Treating staff the same as external customers | | | |Creating an enabling culture for staff creativity | | | |Exercising staff chievement recognition and reward | | | |Following fair disciplinary action | | | |Development and training of staff | | | |Appreciation of staff contribution to business success | | | |Conducting formal performance appraisals | | | |Making staff a part of solutions | | | |Aggressively competing for talented staff | | | |2. Employee development through communication and participative management |0. 713 |0 . 4 | |Promoting staff learning | | | |Encouraging a learning culture | | | |Practising participative management | | | |Marketing the business’ vision to staff | | | |Creating messages to inspire staff action | | | |Understanding the reality staff experiences | | | |Consulting staff with regard to leadership style | | | |Maintaining a two-way channel of communication in the business | | | |3. Acknowledgement of employees’ expertise and potential |0. 659 |0. 5 | |Incorporating knowledgeable staff inputs into business decisions and activities | | | |Acknowledging that staff is the business’ primary asset | | | |Involving current staff in the process of appointing new staff | | | |Giving responsibility and accountability to staff for their respective performance | | | |areas | | | |Collaborating with staff to draw up strategies, plans and objectives | | | |Arranging for staff to visit customers | | | |4. Satisfaction of customer needs is realised through an integra ted effort by all |0. 623 |0. 5 | |involved in the business | | | |All departments working in collaboration with customer focus in mind | | | |Successfully satisfying customers’ needs and wants | | | To indicate the practically significant differences between employees’ and owners’/managers’ view on internal customer orientation, effect sizes were calculated on the respective constructs. These effect sizes are reported in Table 2. Practically significant effects on constructs 1, 2 and 3 are revealed. Construct 4 only revealed a small effect.TABLE 2 EFFECT SIZES FOR INTERNAL CUSTOMER ORIENTATION Construct description |Business owners |Employees |Effect size | | |Mean |Standard deviation|Mean |Standard deviation| | |1. Management’s involvement with employees |3. 103 |0. 447 |2. 787 |0. 445 |0. 707 | |2. Employee development through communication and |3. 137 |0. 504 |2. 767 |0. 504 |0. 734 | |participative management | | | | | | |3. Acknowledgement of employees’ expertise and potential |3. 086 |0. 557 |2. 674 |0. 554 |0. 40 | |4. Satisfaction of customer needs is realised through an |3. 489 |0. 695 |3. 327 |0. 750 |0. 216 | |integrated effort by all involved in the business | | | | | | Empirical results: external customer orientation Four constructs relating to external customer orientation, as well as the items associated with these constructs, are reported in Table 3. The correspondent Cronbach’s Alpha values for the four constructs are all above 0. 6, indicating â€Å"good or adequate† reliability of the measurement scale (Clark and Watson, 1995:315).Average inter item correlations ([pic]) are once again reported in Table 3. These correlations fall within the range of 0. 15 – 0. 50 indicating internal consistency of the constructs (Clark and Watson, 1995:316). TABLE 3 CRONBACH’S ALPHA AND AVERAGE INTER ITEM CORRELATIONS FOR EXTERNAL CUSTOMER ORIENTATION |Construct |Cronbach’s Alpha |A verage inter item | | | |correlation ([pic]) | |Building customer relationships through the efforts of employees is important |0. 762 |0. 7 | |Attracting, maintaining and enhancing relationships with customers | | | |Establishing and maintaining profitable customer relationships | | | |Maintaining a mutually committed long-term oriented relationship with customers | | | |Moving customers from one level of the relationship to the next | | | |Extending priority treatment to regular customers over irregular ones | | | |Interacting with regular customers | | | |Forging long-term committed relationships with customers | | | |Employees developing business relationships with customers | | | |Fostering an intimate understanding between customers and staff | | | |The business’ offer to customers is geared towards satisfying customer needs |0. 665 |0. 6 | |Delivering an offer exactly as required | | | |Extending quality and durability as the business’ core offer | | | |Deliverin g superior offers not available from competitors | | | |Continue improving the total offer to customers | | | |Delivering a tailor-made offer to customers | | | |Viewing delivery of the offer from customers’ perspective | | | |Delivering customer satisfaction |0. 642 |0. 6 | |Offering high levels of customer service | | | |Managing and maintaining the delivery of customer satisfaction | | | |Successfully satisfying customers’ needs and wants | | | |Custom fitting service to customers’ particular requirements | | | |Delivering services to the satisfaction of customer desires | | | |Customer orientation of employees |0. 619 |0. 6 | |Instilling customer orientation among staff | | | |Formulating and realising a customer orientated mission statement | | | The effect sizes on the respective constructs for the practically significant difference between customers’ and owners’/managers’ view on external customer orientation are reported in Table 4. Practically significant effects are revealed on constructs 2 and 3, while construct 4 exhibit a moderate effect size. Construct 1 revealed a small effect size.TABLE 4 EFFECT SIZES FOR EXTERNAL CUSTOMER ORIENTATION Construct description |Business owners |Employees |Effect size | | |Mean |Standard deviation|Mean |Standard deviation| | |1. Building customer relationships through the efforts of |3. 303 |0. 557 |3. 100 |0. 442 |0. 364 | |employees is important | | | | | | |2. The business’ offer to customers is geared towards |3. 408 |0. 423 |2. 928 |0. 465 |1. 32 | |satisfying customer needs | | | | | | |3. Delivering customer satisfaction |3. 528 |0. 445 |3. 202 |0. 399 |0. 733 | |4. Customer orientation of employees |3. 360 |0. 591 |2. 991 |0. 635 |0. 581 | CONCLUSIONS From the above empirical results the following conclusions regarding the internal and external customer orientation of small- to medium-sized textile retailers included in this study can be drawn. Internal custom er orientationFrom the effect sizes reported in Table 2 it is evident that management and employees differ significantly (practically significant effect sizes) on the following issues: †¢ management’s involvement with employees (construct 1). Management feels more involved with employees than employees experience it to be the case ([pic] > 0); †¢ employee development through communication and participative management (construct 2). Management is of the opinion that employee development takes place through communication and participative management, while employees do not experience the same ([pic] > 0) ; and †¢ acknowledgement of employees’ expertise and potential (construct 3).Management feels that employees expertise’ and potential is acknowledged, while employees do not feel the same ([pic]> 0). An small effect size was calculated for construct 4. Management and employees therefore agree that satisfying customer needs is realised throu gh an integrated effort by all involved in the business (construct 4, Table 2, [pic] and [pic] both > 3. 0, indicating agreement on the Likert-type scale). External customer orientation As far as external customer orientation, as reported in Table 4, is concerned, owners/managers and customers differ significantly (practically significant effect sizes) on: †¢ whether the businesses’ offer to customers is geared towards satisfying customer needs (construct 2).Management feels it to be the case, while customers differ significantly ([pic] > 0); and †¢ delivery of customer satisfaction (construct 3). Customers feel significantly less satisfied than management thought them to be ([pic] > 0). As far as customer orientation of employees is concerned, a moderate effect size was determined (Table 4, construct 4). Owners/managers are of the opinion that employees are customer-oriented ([pic] > 3. 0) while customers do not experience it to the same degree ([pic] & lt; 3. 0). Table 4 also indicates an insignificant effect size on construct 1. Management and customers therefore agree that it is important to build customer relationships through the efforts of employees (construct 1, [pic] and [pic] both > 3. 0). MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONSWhen considering the internal customer orientation of small- to medium-sized textile retailers participating in this study, it is evident that employees do not feel appreciated by management. Employees indicated that management is not involved with them and that their expertise and potential is subsequently ignored. They also do not feel empowered through communication or participative management initiatives (or rather the lack thereof) from management’s side. Management and employees agree on a basic principle of the marketing concept (Barnes, 2001:7), namely that customer satisfaction is dependent on an integrated effort of all involved in the business. From the above it is clear that a certain amount o f goodwill is evident among employees.Employees recognise the importance of an integrated effort of all involved in the business to satisfy customer needs. It is recommended that management of these businesses capitalise on this aptitude of employees. Communication with employees on matters relating to management of the business will encourage employee participation, paving the way for the implementation of participative management techniques. This will draw on the latent expertise and potential of employees and will ultimately contribute to employee development and a sense of management involvement. As indicated by the empirical results, small- to medium-sized textile retailers participating in this study lack a pronounced external customer orientation.Customers do not regard the businesses as being geared towards satisfying their needs. They are also of the opinion that employees of small- to medium-sized textile businesses are not sufficiently customer-oriented. By improving thei r internal customer orientation as suggested above, the external customer orientation of businesses may take a turn for the better. This may contribute to greater customer satisfaction as the interaction between customers and (more appreciated, and thus better satisfied and motivated) employees improve. After all: management and customers both agreed that the efforts of employees are important to build customer relationships.This is consistent with Sasser’s (2003) exposition that an improved internal customer orientation will contribute towards a better external customer orientation that will result in more satisfied customers.

Essay On Abortion In Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants

â€Å"If she chooses the barren solution, the girl knows that she will never again have a chance at choosing happiness† (Teaching the Culture of Life: Hills Like White Elephants). â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† goes in depth on a relationship where one partner wants an abortion and the other is questioning the abortion, the relationship, and their future together. Jig is confronted with a life altering decision. She can have the abortion and try to stay with her partner in a dry and barren relationship, or she can keep the child and try to live a beautiful and fulfilling life without her partner. Jig did not follow through on the abortion, which is shown by her diction, her personal growth over the course of this conversation, and the true†¦show more content†¦She does not agree, she just reiterates that the man â€Å"knows† that the operation is simple. She has now realized that the only â€Å"simple† thing that either of them â€Å"know† is the fact that this man does not truly have Jig’s best interests at heart. Jig’s personal growth over the course of this conversation also proves that she did not follow through with this abortion. â€Å"Is it good with water?† (Hemingway 229). Here she is asking the man whether or not it is good with water, her decision directly depends on whether or not he believes it is good with water. She is depending on him to make a decision that directly affects her. â€Å"Everything tastes like licorice. Especially all the things you’ve waited so long for, like absinthe† (Hemingway 230). Jig is being sarcastic with this remark, this is the first sign that she is willing to go against the man and think for herself, even if the man does not like what she says. Jig also says that they were all so happy after their abortions when the man states that he knows other people who have gone through this (Hemingway 230). She says this sarcastically and here you get to see how she really feels underneath about this procedure. She is thinking for her self and not just doing whatever the man tells her to do. â€Å"Would you please please please please please please please stop talking?† (Hemingway 232). Jig has grown to stand up for herself. She no longer cares what the man has to say about theShow MoreRelated Hemingways Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story, Hills Like White Elephants1409 Words   |  6 PagesHemingways Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story Hills Like White Elephants Hills like White Elephants is not the normal story where you have a beginning, middle and end. Hemingway gave just enough information so that readers could draw their own conclusions. 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