Type of government

How to Safely Remove Photos From Sticky Photo Albums

How to Safely Remove Photos From Sticky Photo Albums Many of us are in possession of one or more magnetic photo albums. These albums, which first achieved popularity in the 1960s and 70s, were made from a thick paper stock coated with glue strips and included a thick Mylar plastic covering for each page. Conservators have discovered, however, that the glue used in those albums had a very high acidic content which can eat through the backs of the photographs. The Mylar plastic seals in the acidic fumes, causing deterioration to the image side of the photos as well. In some cases, the plastic covering used wasnt even Mylar, but PVC (Poly-Vinyl Chloride), a plastic which further accelerates deterioration. If you do own one of these older magnetic photo albums full of precious family pictures then I advise you to do something NOW to try and prevent further deterioration. Begin by gently trying to peel up the corner of a photo that doesnt mean a lot to you. If it doesnt come up easily, then STOP. You will only end up ruining the picture. Instead, try one of these tips for removing the photos. Tips for Removing Photos From Old Sticky Albums Dental floss can work wonders. Use a piece of unwaxed dental floss and run it between the picture and the album page with a gentle sawing motion. This how to remove photos from a sticky album video, from Smithsonian Archives Conservationist Fellow Anna, demonstrates the technique.Un-du, a product commonly used by scrapbookers, is an adhesive remover that may help safely remove the photos. It comes with an attached tool to help you get the Un-du solution safely under the photo to help release it. It is safe for use on the back of the photos, but be careful not to get it on the images themselves. Valerie Craft demonstrates the use of a microspatula and UnDu as a method for removing stuck photographs in this video.Slide a thin metal spatula (a micro spatula is preferred) gently under the edge of a photo and then use a hairdryer to heat the spatula as you slide it slowly under the photo. This may heat the glue enough to help you remove the photo safely from the album. Be careful to keep the hairdryer pointed away from the photo itself. This video from Hummies World Digital Scrapbooking Tutorials demonstrates the hairdryer technique. Try putting the album in the freezer for a few minutes. This can make the glue brittle and make it easier to remove the photos. Be careful not to leave the album in for too long, however, as it may cause condensation to build ​upon the photos as the album comes back to room temperature.Some photo experts recommend using the microwave to try and loosen the adhesive. Place a page into a microwave oven and turn it on for five seconds.  Wait five to ten seconds and then turn it on for another five seconds.   Follow this procedure for several cycles - being careful to check the adhesive each time.   Do NOT try to hurry the process and turn on the microwave  for thirty seconds, or the glue will become so hot it will probably burn the print.  Once the glue is dissolved, then you can try again to lift up the corner of one of the photos or try the dental floss trick. If the photos still dont come out easily, then dont force them! If the photos are very precious, then take them to one of the self-help photo kiosks, or use a digital camera or digital flatbed scanner to make copies of the photos right on the album page. You can also have a photo store make negatives from the photos, but this can be more expensive. To prevent further deterioration, remove the Mylar or plastic sleeves and insert pieces of acid-free tissue between the pages instead. This will keep the photos from touching each other or the remaining glue. You should also be aware that any or all of these techniques may damage any writing which may exist on the back of the photos. Experiment first with the photos which mean the least to you and see what works best for your particular album and photos.

Healthy Eating Messages and Children Nutrition (Case Study) Essay

Healthy Eating Messages and Children Nutrition (Case Study) - Essay Example As Gorn et al. (1982, 200) found ‘television advertising for children is developed from direct testing and observation of the child audience; Children are subjected to research techniques developed for the study of child psychology to determine the most effective way of inducing their counterparts in the nationwide audience to demand advertised products’. Under this intensive observation, the advertising addressed to children manages to achieve the target set by the multinational corporations, i.e. the ‘cultivation’ of specific nutritional preferences to children of all ages in accordance with the production line of these firms. In the same context, Smitt et al. (2007, 57) stated that ‘the issues of food advertisements, especially aimed at children, and food labeling are factors behind the obesity epidemic which need to be tackled while commercial communication increases consumer information; however, the promotion of unhealthy foods negatively impacts the health of the population and for this reason actions need to be taken to protect children from commercial activity in this field’. The above assumptions are in accordance with the findings of WHO in 2003 which indicate that ‘dietary adjustments may not only influence present health, but may determine whether or not an individual will develop such diseases as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes much later in life’ (WHO, 2003, 2). In fact it has been found that wrong nutritional ‘habits’ can lead to severe consequences for the health not only in adults but also in children. More specifically, a research made by the World Health Organization in 2003 showed that ‘higher blood pressure in childhood (in combination with other risk factors) causes target organ and anatomical changes that are associated with cardiovascular risk, including reduction in artery elasticity, increased ventricular size and mass, haemodynamic increase in

Reaction of the video Well-founded Fear Documentary Essay

Reaction of the video Well-founded Fear Documentary - Essay Example Those working in the offices are in a high-stress environment. The impact of the documentary created ripples in the mindset of the administrators of asylum issues and some of them ordered its compulsory viewing for their staff members. I think that it is a good administrative move towards experiencing the harsh realities the asylum seekers have to face. Legal and Advocacy Communities have found this documentary invaluable for furthering their cause and they have incorporated viewing of the movie into their programs of in-service trainings. The political and ethical issues raised in the film are highly relevant. Immigration advocates have found this an invaluable asset to advances their cause. This documentary has been a hit also with the general audiences. It has made a deep impact in over a million households in America and educated them in detail about the complicated asylum and refugee issues. The real-life stories provide a human face on abstract issues. Viewers experience the inner compulsions to express opinions. In brief, this documentary has ushered in a mini social revolution and initiated a conversation and a national debate. Thanks to the technological innovations, the message of this documentary has reached all over the world and has created a long-term impact on the market-driven society. Scorning refugees from other countries and sending them back, is as good as awarding them with death sentence in some cases. Politics devoid of compassion is an unethical policy. In some countries asylum seekers are detained in awful conditions. Each asylum seeker wishes to live peacefully and he is seeking asylum due to adverse conditions in his place of birth. The documentary vividly describes why it is necessary to give people a fair go and permit them to seek refugee status and support human rights. Asylum seeking process should not be a war of persecution. As members of the global community, the immigration authorities

Game scrabble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Game scrabble - Essay Example Unfortunately for him, he did not know that he will also become deeply engrossed into the game just as other hard-core players. This paper begins by giving a general overview of the book before focusing on individual characters and analyzing their distinctive features relative to the game. Their lives outside the game are also explored and their roles within the text. Stefan Fatsis, author and character in Word Freak, used to play a reasonably mean game of Scrabble-according to what he thought, until that moment when he chose to investigate the game both intensively and extensively for an article he was due to publish. In a twist and turn of events, Fatsis sooner than later found himself obsessed with the game just as other hard-core players he sought to interview. The book revolves around the characters of G.I. (that is from gastrointestinal) Joel Sherman, Marlon Hill, a fervent youthful black nationalist, and Matt Graham, the pill-popping funnyman. These characters spent a great chunk of their time in dictionaries and other sources just to familiarize with new words to use while playing scrabble tournaments. Something what noting is that they all earned their livelihood through the income and prizes from these events. While some of them loved words for their own selves, others did this just as a means to an end. It because of these that Fatsis takes an issue and warns anyone contemplating engaging in competitive Scrabble to come to terms with the fact that it may require them to learn words that may lack outside utility. Eventually, the game demands for mastering the rules of the game, which for this case are the words. Joel Sherman, also called G.I. (from gastrointestinal), is described as a Walking Manual of physical sicknesses. Among the many maladies associated with him include asthma, postnatal drip, and allergic to lactose. Another funny bit about him is that he uncontrollably belches during tournaments

Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Soils Tests

Geotechnical Engineering Properties of Soils Tests Jump to: Advantages and Disadvantages of SPT Standard Penetration Test Advantages and Disadvantages of Cone Penetration Test Advantages and Disadvantages of Shear Vane Test Advantages and Disadvantages of Wash Boring Advantages and Disadvantages of Percussion Rig Boring Advantages and Disadvantages of Rotary Auger Boring During the SPT, it was possible to take disturbed and undisturbed samples using split barrel-sampler which were used for further laboratory tests. The in situ penetration test provides a soil sample for identification purposes and for the laboratory tests that allow the use of disturbed samples. The method of sampling soil consists of driving a split-barrel sampler to obtain a representative, disturbed sample and to simultaneously obtain a measure of the resistance of the subsoil to the penetration of a standard sampler. The test is conducted inside a borehole. A split spoon sampler is attached to the bottom of a core barrel and lowered into position at the bottom of the borehole. The sampler is driven into the ground by a drop hammer weighing 68 kg falling through a height of 76 cm. The number of hammer blows is counted. The number required to drive the sampler three successive 150mm increments is recorded. The first increment (0-150mm) is not included in the N value as it is assume d that the top of the test area has been disturbed by the drilling process. The SPT N is the number of blows required to achieve penetration from 150-450mm. The hammer weight, drop height, spoon diameter, rope diameter etc. are standard dimensions. After the test, the sample remaining inside the split spoon is preserved in an airtight container for inspection and description. Advantages and Disadvantages of SPT Standard Penetration Test ADVANTAGES Relatively quick and simple to perform Able to penetrate dense layers, gravel, and fill Equipment and expertise for the test is widely available In addition to overburden pressure and relative density the SPT N-value is also a function of soil type, particle size, and age and stress history of the deposit Provides a representative soil sample Provides useful index of relative strength and compressibility of the soil DISADVANTAGES The SPT does not typically provide continuous data, therefore important data such as weak seams may be missed Somewhat slower than other sample methods due to sample retrieval The basic problems to consider are change in effective stress at the bottom of the borehole, dynamic energy reaching the sampler, sampler design, interval of impact, penetration resistance count. Samples that are obtained from the SPT are disturbed. Cone Penetration Test (CPT) What is CPT? Cone Penetration Tests are conducted to obtain the cone resistance, the side friction and, if there is a piezocone, the pore pressure. The soil type can be determined by analysing these result the values can also be used in the design of shallow foundations through the estimation of stiffness and shear strength of cohesive soils. The cone penetration test (CPT) is a method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils and delineating soil stratigraphy. It was initially developed in the 1950s at the Dutch Laboratory for Soil Mechanics in Delft to investigate soft soils. Based on this history it has also been called the Dutch cone test. Today, the CPT is one of the most used and accepted in soil methods for soil investigation worldwide. Process CPT is static penetration test in which the device is pushed rather than then driven by blows into the soil. The CPT consist of cone which been attached to a rod that been protected by an outer sleeve. A 60o cone with face area 10cm2 and 150cm2 of friction sleeve is hydraulically pushed into the ground at a constant speed ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm/s about 80mm deep. The force required maintaining this penetration rate, and the shear force acting on the friction sleeve is recorded. The friction ratio gives an indication of the soil type. The CPT Soil Classification will be based on ratio of tip and sleeve resistance. The tip resistance will be high in sand and low in clays while the sleeve friction will be low in sands and high in clays. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cone Penetration Test ADVANTAGE Continuous data Reliable, repeatable test results DISADVANTAGES Inability to penetrate through gravels and cobbles Elimination of operator error Less populated database than SPT due to the new technology Lack of sampling SHEAR VANE TEST What is Shear Vane Test? The vane shear test is an in-situ geotechnical testing methods used to estimate the undrained shear strength of fully saturated clays without disturbance. The test is relatively simple, quick, and provides a cost-effective way of estimating the soil shear strength; therefore, it is widely used in geotechnical investigations. Under special condition, the vane shear test can be also carried out in the laboratory on undisturbed soil specimens however the use of the vane shear test in in-situ testing is much more common. Process The vane shear test is an in-situ geotechnical testing methods used to estimate the undrained shear strength of fully saturated clays without disturbance. The results of the test are not reliable if clay contains silt or sand. The vane shear test apparatus consists of a four-blade stainless steel vane attached to a steel rod that will be pushed into the ground. For a weak soils which has Cu less than 50 kPa, the size of the blade is 75mm wide x 150 mm long while for the slightly strong soils which has Cu between 50 kPa to 100 kPa, 50 x 100 mm blade should be use. The height of vane is usually twice its overall widths and is often equal to 10 cm or 15 cm. The test can be conducted either from the ground surface or from the bottom of a borehole or a test pit. If conducted from the bottom of a borehole, the test area should be should be at the depth of least three times the borehole diameter lower that the borehole bottom in order to avoid the borehole disturbance effects. The test starts by pushing the vane and the rod vertically into the soft soil. The vane is then rotated at a slow rate of 6 ° to 12 ° per minute. The torque is measured at regular time intervals and the test continues until a maximum torque is reached and the vane rotates rapidly for several revolutions. At this time, the soil fails in shear on a cylindrical surface around the vane. The rotation is usually continued after shearing and the torque is measured to estimate the remoulded shear strength. The undrained shear strength of the saturated soil is proportional to the applied torque and the dimensions of the vane. Advantages and Disadvantages of Shear Vane Test ADVANTAGES Rapid and economical test Reproducible results in homogeneous soils Inexpensive method for measuring clay sensitivity   DISADVANTAGES Limited to soft to stiff cohesive soils Field vane shear strength must be corrected Results can be affected by anisotropic soils, sand lenses, shells, and seams BORING WASH BORING What is Wash Boring? A popular method to drill larger size holes in soft formations. Casing with a casing crown attached is rotated into the ground and water is used to flush out the drilled formation. It is one of a boring system by which material loosened by a bit is borne to the surface in the annular space between the bit and casing by water forced down through the pipe bearing the bit Process For test boring over 3 meter in depth, this method can be conveniently used. In this method a hollow steel pipe known as casing pipe or drive pipe is driven into the ground for a certain depth. Then a pipe usually known as water jet pipe or wash pipe, which is shorter in diameter, is lowered into the casing pipe. At its upper end, the wash pipe is connected to water supply system while the lower end of the pipe is contracted so as to produce jet action. Water under considerable pressure is forced down the wash pipe. The hydraulic pressure displaces the material immediately below the pipe and the slurry thus formed is forced up through the annular space between the two pipes. The slurry is collected and samples of material encountered are obtained by settlement. In this process the particles of finer material like clay, loam etc. do not settle easily and the larger and heavy particles of the soil may not be brought up at all. Moreover, the exact position of a material in the formation cannot be easily be located. However the change of stratification can be guessed from the rate of progress of driving the casing pipe as well as the color of slurry flowing out. Yet the results obtained by wash boring process give fairly good information about the nature of the sub-soil strata. This method can be adopted in soft to stiff cohesive soils and fine sand. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wash Boring ADVANTAGES Can be used in difficult terrain Low equipment cost Used in uncased holes DISADVANTAGES Depth limited to about 30m Difficulty in obtaining accurate location of groundwater level. Undisturbed soil samples cannot be obtained. PERCUSSION RIG BORING What is Percussion Rig Boring? Percussion Rug Boring is widely used in UK. Percussion drilling method of advancing a boring is of common use in drilling water wells. This method consists of breaking up of the sub-strata by repeated blows from a bit or chisel. This type of boring can make a borehole up to 150 mm 300 mm diameter and depth up to 50 60 m. However this method is not recommended for loose sand or clayey soils. Process This method consists of breaking up of the sub-strata by repeated blows from a bit or chisel. Percussion methods start by raise up the tool assembly by the winch to 1 m above the bottom of the hole. It allows the tool assembly to fall under its own weight to drive the cutting tools into the soil. The material thus pulverized is converted into slurry by pouring water in the bore. At intervals the slurry is bailed out of the hole and dried for examination. The slurry will be removed by bailers or pump. After that, tool will be raise to surface when the cutting tools are full of soil to obtain undisturbed sample. This method can be adopted in rocks and soils having boulders. In general, a machine used to drill holes is called a drill rig generally power driven, but may be hand driven. A winch is provided to raise and lower the drilling tools into the hole. Advantages and Disadvantages of Percussion Rig Boring ADVANTAGES Simple to operate and maintain Suitable for a wide variety of rocks Operation is possible above and below the water-table It is possible to drill to considerable depths DISADVANTAGES Slow, compared with other methods Equipment can be heavy Problems can occur with unstable rock formations Water is needed for dry holes to help remove cuttings ROTARY AUGER BORING What is Rotary Auger Boring? A drill bit is pushed by weight of drilling equipment and rotated by a motor. This drilling method with mud pump for flushing can be direct circulation and reverse circulation, with tricone bit and drag bit Nevertheless, the torque is relatively critical for this drilling method. It is widely used in soft to medium hard ground conditions. This type of boring machine can be also use for piling works. It can bore the hole up to depth of 50 m and diameter of 300 mm to 2 m. Process When rocks or hard pans are to be penetrated for examination, core drilling is done to get undisturbed samples of the formation. In this process a hole is made by rotating a hollow steel tube having a cutting bit at its base. The cutting bit makes an annular cut in the strata and leaves a cylindrical core of the material in the hollow tube. Two types of cutting bits are generally used, namely, diamond bit and shot bit. Diamond bit consists of industrial diamonds set in the face of the bit and in shot bit, chilled shot is used as an abrasive to cut the hard pan. When core samples of small diameter are needed, diamond bit is preferred. There are two main type of rotary auger boring which are: Bucket Auger Consists of an open- top metal cylinder with cutter mounted on a baseplate as the soil is cut, it passes into the bucket, which is then raised and emptied at intervals. Can be used in frim soil. Not suitable for cohesionless soil below water table. Flight Auger Short flight Simple flight Continuous flight Advantages and Disadvantages of Rotary Auger Boring ADVANTAGE Quick Drill through any type of soil or rock Can drill to depths of 50 m Undisturbed samples can be easily recovered DISADVANTAGE Expensive equipment Terrain must be accessible to motorized vehicle Difficulty in obtaining location of groundwater level Additional time required for set-up and clean-up

Essay --

Attention all teens! As summer vacation is just around the corner, it is time to start thinking about where the best place to spend your escape from every day life. Choosing the proper hotspot is critical, as it will set the tone for the summer. Today’s world is full of extravagant geographical features with a variety of options to spend your time within them. There is a variety of options to choose from: such as the tropical island of Aruba, the mountainous Mammoth Mountain, the incredible Munich, Germany, the beautiful Californian city of San Francisco, or the glorious island of Maui. If you choose one of these hotspots, summer vacation has the potential to be unforgettable, every year. The Mediterranean Island of Aruba To start off, the Mediterranean island of Aruba tops most lists of hot spots. When choosing Aruba, it is essential to have knowledge of the type of clothing and materials to pack. Aruba can be described in one word, paradise. When thinking about paradise, it is important to pack bathing suits, sunscreen, and other beach items. When it comes to nightlife, it is key to bring relaxing, comforting clothing to enjoy a casual, pleasant, beachside dinner. The beautiful island is full of oceanic activities, such as snorkeling or scuba diving. However, if relaxation is what you are looking for, exploring the marvels of Arikok National Park is a pleasing selection. Arikok National Park is filled with Aruban rattlesnakes, parakeets, and other distinctive animals. With this in mind, it is wise to stay clear of this popular tourist spot if animals are not your forte. Picking Aruba as a destination is wise because it is perfect for a romantic getaway, but also a perfect, â€Å"cool† hots pot to hang out at with your friends. Mamm... ... will give you a fun, relaxing, and an all around perfect time. Although heading to Hawaii is found to be a typical summer vacation, the activities it provides vary and make it easy to make your vacation far from a typical hotspot. To conclude, finding any old place to spend summer vacation is not difficult. However, picking the perfect hotspot may take serious deciding. Whether it is the island of Aruba, Mammoth Mountain, Munich, San Francisco, or Maui†¦ spending your time at these hotspots will make you never want to leave the summertime. The wide variety of things to do, and audiences welcome in these hotspots provide a perfect place for everyone. There is no reason to not pick one of these 5 places; they are THAT amazing. Which spot will you choose? No matter what city you decide on, summer vacation will me unforgettable, as long as you pick a proper hot spot.

Effects of the Fur Trade on Native Societies Essay

Between the fifteenth and the nineteenth century the fur trade and slave trade connected the global commerce, and played a significant role in world history. Each of them transformed the destiny of North American and African society. Politically, economically and culturally, North Americans were dying slowly in seemingly more peaceful fur trade, and Africans were immediately hit by the wreaked havoc of slave trade. North America’s ostensible peace with the outside world could not avoid civil wars, as African people’s self-protection could not avoid European gory violent human plunder. In Africa, people were still live in a village community system with introverted self-governments. When colonists came, big kingdoms fragmented because the increasing of trade and arms. In this way, there was not a large-scale revolt or uprising in native Africa. As a result, small societies suffered from frequent slave raiding. As long as their own village was safe, they passively watched as people in other villages were raided and sold. Benin was a developed state in West Africa. In the 16th century the oba banned slave trade and relatively avoided slave traders. They bought arms from Europeans to protect themselves, but never helped others. In consequence, the power of oba declined in the 18th century and they could not stop the slave trade any more (456-457). When armed aggressors burst in small villages, they could not even protect themselves like Benin, but just be pillaged in desperation. Native Americans maintained cooperative relationships with Europeans under the fur trade. It protected them from extinction and slavery like those in Africa. However native people noticed the benefit of the fur trade, and then the profit of trade intensified the competition among tribes. They began to demand guns to deal with other tribes – and Europeans had gun. Therefore a circulation of furs and guns was fo rmed, and the increasing of arms imports aggravated the political conflicts of native people. In other words, more trade, more warfare. Fur trade brought North America both modern civilization and prolonged damage, yet the African economy was directly attacked by slave trade. North Americans traded furs with Europeans and received foreign goods and benefits such as pots, guns and metals. Europeans finished products gave them modern technology and tools, and caused the self-sufficiency system to transform to agricultural villages. Hurons lived in North America â€Å"in the early seventeenth century†. They traded many beavers and â€Å"received copper pots, metal axes, knives, cloth, firearms, and alcohol† (447). It was a big step for North America, to become a modern and developed society. Nevertheless, it was also the start of a long-term decline. â€Å"By the 1760s, hunters in southern British colonies took about 500,000 deer every year† (446). Hunters largely killed industrious animals, the amount of them sharply decreased. The fur trade absorbed labor supply, and restricted other developments. In reality, North America had been lagged behind chronically under the simple and dependent economic system caused by fur trade. Unlike North America, Africa had been steadily developing for a while in sixteenth century. The slave trade, was unprecedented havoc for native people and society. Just demographically, Africa lost millions of population in the fifteenth through nineteenth century. The productivity was greatly broken. The economy stagnated, or even retrogressed without technology. Both native North American and African people lost part of their ethos and native culture. North America was changed more by profit motive; however Africa was forced by demographical transformation and authorities’ avarice. Before European’s arrival, North Americans led a primitive lifestyle as a part of nature. They had laggard tools and technology but mastered natural environment. Their moral quality could be confirmed by the origin of Thanksgiving holiday: Native Indian helped European settlers tide over the hard time. Although they were economically backward, their spiritual civilization was wealthy. But after they began to trade with Europeans, they killed animals in quantity, overly reclaimed land, and broke their belief of nature. The benefits of furs led people to trade for guns and fight other tribes. Many of them became alcoholics, spent a lot of money to buy rum and brandy. They used foreign products all the time, and forgot their traditional crafts. In Africa, Europeans raided and drove away people in different cultures, and exterminated many ancient civilizations. The Europeans trading living human without caring whether they lived or died, was a bloody humiliation in the history. The hard truth is that many native authorities joined slave trading for their own interest. Dahomey was a highly authoritarian state in eighteenth century. They fully participated in slave trade and helped Europeans capture a lot of native people (456-457). It was a miserable shame of African culture and entire human history, that the chiefs of states helped invaders do human trafficking. Both trades certainly destroyed a part of native civilization, and changed a part of people. The politics, culture and economy of the native North Americans were gradually negatively affected while trading with Europeans and Africans were rapidly devastated by large human raid. Once, struggling in the wheel of history, they grew and died.

Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears Essay Example

Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears Essay Example Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears Essay Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears Essay No 1 is safe from the rough effects of planetary heating. But if there is one species which suffers the most. they are the polar bears who can merely last under highly cold clime. Although their existent population is difficult to find. they are believed to be about 20. 000 to 25. 000 found throughout the Arctic Ocean and next seas ( World Wildlife Organization ) . Polar bears’ home ground is about covered by sea ice all twelvemonth unit of ammunition ( Great Bear Organization ) . The country is said to hold a delicate ecosystem. necessitating longer clip to alter and to retrieve when disrupted or damaged. However. research shows that the Arctic is most likely to be ice free between 2013 and 2040 for the first clip in history. The part has been sing cutting of the polar ice cap due to warming of temperatures. With the thaw of the ice comes the devastation of the life of the species which thrives in the Arctic. Polar bears. seals. including endangered species like seahorses and giants. are forced to withdraw to environment less suited for their brand up. Further. scientists fear that big sums of liquid ice enter the North Atlantic and interrupt the planetary current form. The thaw of the Arctic ice besides entails smaller runing country for polar bears. Sealing waxs are their favourite and they can non track them where the sea is unfrozen. They besides eat workss. including berries. roots. and kelp. but none of these can fulfill their Calorie demand. Their organic structure needs big sum of fats from Marine animate beings for they are active year-round. Decrease in Arctic sea ice can take to 67 percent loss of the full polar bear population in 50 old ages ( Bear Planet Organization ) . Though polar bears are exposed to other hazards such as pollution. oil and gas geographic expedition. legal and illegal hunting. planetary heating remains the biggest menace to their endurance. They experience malnutrition and famishment due to habitat loss. Melting ice force them to shore before they have acquired adequate fat militias to last the period of scarce nutrient during the late summer and early autumn. Thining ice are surface hard to walk on because they deform more easy which makes it more hard for them to run for nutrient. They besides need to swim wider spreads between ice which farther used up their energy and sometimes take to submerging. Malnourished female polar bears result to take down generative rates and lower endurance rates among greenhorns and juvenilles ( Rosing. 2006 ) . Thining ice make it difficult for grownup females to happen couples. And when they do happen 1. the difficult pursuit starts for a suited pregnancy lairs. Underground lairs have inclinations to prostration or have low insulative power to supply heat for freshly born greenhorn. Dens built on multi-year ice may see motion that may ensue in longer distances for female parents and immature greenhorns to walk when they return to seal-hunting countries. There is besides a hazard of disease-causing bacteriums and parasites to boom more readily in a heater clime. In Western Huson Bay. ice interruptions up earlier than it did 30 old ages ago during late spring season which shortens the hunting season for polar nears ( National Wildlife Organization ) . Their population declined by 22 per centum from 1987 to 2004 and their organic structure status is much different. weighing 60kg igniter in 2004 than in 1980 when likely pregnant female polar bears weigh around 290kg. In 2005. Alaska recorded four drowned polar bears who made longer swim than they usually do when runing for nutrient. Alaska besides documented higher mortality rates among polar bear greenhorn and different denning sites for pregnant polar bears. Photos and pictures of polar bears’ battle are everyplace. In 2008. US Department of the Interior listed Polar Bears as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act and thaw of the sea ice in the Arctic as the biggest danger to their endurance ( The Humane Society of the United States ) . They are the lone species aside from elkhorn coral and staghorn coral to be put on the said list. However. the determination was reversed following the commercial and scientific informations that they are increasing in Numberss in the past 30 old ages. As it presently stands. the US Fish and Wildlife Service see polar bears as threatened species intending anytime their home ground will disappear and their position will alter to endangered before they finally become nonextant. In Canada. polar bears were recommended by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada to be placed under the list of species of particular concern . This list allows for a direction program to be written in five old ages. which was criticized by World Wide Fund for Nature as being excessively long to do a substantial impact to habitat loss from climate alteration. Since their current position is threatened species. it is non excessively late for attempts toward salvaging their home ground from farther debasement ( Bear Planet Organization ) . The simplest but the best manner to extenuate the effects of planetary heating is to halt C dioxide ( CO2 ) emanations. Recycle and reuse merchandises and utilize energy efficient contraptions to cut back CO2 in the ambiance. Polar bears deserve a opportunity. Bear Planet Organization. Polar Bears and Global Warming. July 8. 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bearplanet. org/global-warming-polar-bears. shtml gt ; . Great Bear Organization. Polar Bear ( Ursus Maritimus ) . July 7. 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. greatbear. org/polarbear. htm gt ; . The Humane Society of the United States. Polar Bears. July 8. 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. hsus. org/marine_mammals/a_closer_look_at_marine_mammals/polar_bears/ # Polar_bears_top_predators_in_their_arcti gt ; . National Wildlife Organization. Polar Bear. July 8. 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nwf. org/polarbear/ gt ; . Rosing. Norbert. The World of the Polar Bear. New york: Firefly Books. Ltd. 2006. World Wildlife Organization. WWF: A Leader in Polar Bear Conservation. July 7. 2009. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. worldwildlife. org/species/finder/polarbear/polarbear. hypertext markup language. gt ; .

Guest of the Shiek Essay Example

Guest of the Shiek Essay Example Guest of the Shiek Essay Guest of the Shiek Essay 1965, p. 24). Fearer stressed that there are a few key elements of the life which underscore the gender differences among western and eastern societies. Firstly, the relationship between women and the rearing of the children; women, with child or not are expected to rear the children, provide comfort and prepare the meals. Secondly, the process of marriage and attitudes associated with it. Iraqi marriage is described as a contract; arranged by families as the familys needs are considered most important. The men make the final decisions on everything from the childs education to the method in which the females cook. The difference is stark compared to the western civilizations as Fearer wrote, [They] pitied me, college-educated, adequately dressed and fed, free to vote and to travel, happily married to a husband of my own choice who was also a friend and companion. No mother, no children, no long hair, thin as a rail, cant cook rice, and not even any gold! What a sad specimen I must have seemed to them (Fearer, E. W. , 1965, p. 316). After marriage, the family kinship systems emerge. Couples can live in either of two ways; with the husbands extended family, or as a nuclear family. At present with Iraqs economic hard-ships, families tend to live with extended households. The extended family unit consists of the older couple, sons, their wives and families, and unmarried daughters. Other dependent relatives also may make up part of this group, and the oldest male heads the group. This similar type of structure used to exist in western states and is known as enumeration households. Grandparents, parents and children lived in one house. Parenting came from both the parents and then their parents or grandparents. Burdens were eased as the parents could both work while the grandparents took care of the rearing of the children. Similar to the Iraqs, but only the responsibility of the women for hands on, the men were or are only there to make final decisions as they are the head of the household. By having these types of kinship structures, you are more likely to hand down generational culture, language and religion keeping the Emily and kinship, the Iraqs were doing the same as Fearer wrote the women of El Naira could not understand why Elizabeth was not with her entire family, and why it was Just her and her husband Bob: Where is your mother? Sultana asked. I told her she was in America far away, and when Selma repeated this in a better accent, the women clucked in sympathy. Poor girl, they said. Poor child. To be alone without any of ones womenfolk was clearly the greatest disaster which could befall any girl Fearer, E. W. , 1965, p. 36). The women did not recognize her American lifestyle as accurate. This is the ethnocentric fallacy, if we condemn or reject the beliefs or behaviors of others (Robbins, R. , 2012, p. 8). This is not only ethnocentrism on the part of the El Naira women because of their belief system that you are supposed to have your parents living with you or near you but Americans do not see this as a bad thing to live far from ones parents. As an active military member, with recent experiences of Iraq during a time when we as a nation did not understand the Iraqi culture, I feel that this book should be required reading for all college students, civilians and especially Journalist alike. When the Iraq wars started, western societies only knew and understood what they seen from news reports and Journalist articles. Journalist report on the now because there is not enough tie to educated the masses on culture. What we see, read and hear is skewed by the media as fact based truth off society or culture. In the U. S. We are brought up to believe that we live better than most people in the world, and that everyone should be envious of us because of our material wealth, freedom, and mobility. Time has passed since Fearer lived and wrote about her experiences, however, the Iraqi culture has not hanged much meaning we can still learn from her work and about the culture and country today. This was true of Fearer generation and is true of ours now. The understanding is not of the mechanics, but the teachings we get from the book; yes, we learned about the Iraqi culture, but the real lessons are in understanding how we see and interact with the rest of the world. In this paper, we have seen how Elizabeth Fearer skillfully overcame her fears of being a stranger in an unfamiliar environment, her animosity of beginning her marriage and dream life abroad living n conditions not experienced by her or westerns. Fearer embraced her current state by writing How little I really knew about the society in which I was living! During the year I had made friends, I had listened and talked and learned, I thought, a great deal, but the pattern of custom and tradition which governed the lives of my friends was far more subtle and complex than I had imagined (Fearer, E. W. , 1965, p. 266) and immersed herself in the local culture, learning the gender roles, not Judging the family kinship system and giving us a perspective vastly different of what a journalist could offer. Even though she published this book over 50 years ago, her stories are still so relevant to the understanding of modern Iraqi culture. This book provide more than Just a two year study of a woman living in a small village in Iraq; it withstands the boundaries of time and provides a modern day lesson about the ethnographic perspectives of how we can see and understand the world around us. Fearer, Elizabeth Warnock. Guests of the Sheik: An Ethnography of an Iraqi Village. New York: Anchor Books, 1965. Robbins, R. H. (2012). Cultural Anthropology. Headwords, Coinage Learning. Belmont, CA

Language Practices in the Arabic Community Research Paper

Language Practices in the Arabic Community - Research Paper Example The study of Arabic language practices is a process, which includes the total analysis of the language in terms of its morphological and semantic structures as well as the spheres of its application. As Arabic belongs to one of the most complicated languages in the world, it is necessary to analyze its historical background. Speaking about the ancient form of Arabic language, it is first of all revealed in the Muslim’s Holy Book – Quran. â€Å"The Qur’an has been kept in Classical Arabic, known as fus’ha, which means ‘the clearly spoken one’ or ‘the language of eloquence’. It is part of the Semitic family of languages, where the defining feature is the use of triconsonantal roots to create words† (Muslim lifestyle, 2012). This quotation is a great evidence of the fact that the first book, which reveals the clear Arabic, is Quran. I consider this Holy Book to be the interesting source for the analysis of the pure Arabic lang uage structure. The classical Arabic is not very different from the ancient form of this language. Many of the roots of Semitic languages are also present in Arabic. In ancient Semitic studies there was a tendency to consider classical Arabic as the most archaic of the Semitic languages. However, by means of comparing Arabic with other Afro-Asian languages, it has been found that much of classical Arabic is not so ancient. â€Å"The Arabic of the Quran remained a prestigious and nearly unchanging standard throughout the Islamic world. 3).

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 14

Essay Example Being compensated is a high-class achievement, which shows how people work in an organization, how they work in order to make their particular organization the best one. Compensation is always done in an appropriate manner. What so every work any employee will do, he or she will be compensated according to that particular work. Compensation is therefore term as a delicate job for the HR people, as they should always compensate in an appropriate manner, and they should compensate those who really work well and who really generate well-oriented outcomes. There are many organizations, which compensate because of the capability of an employee. For instance if a person who is an employee of any XYZ organization, he or she will only be compensated according to his or her skills and capabilities. No other source will help them while being compensated. This is a correct as well as an ethical way with the help of which one can compensate the employees. By this, employees also get motivated and thus as a result they will work hard in order to generate outcomes that are more fruitful. Motivating employees is a difficult task but along with this, this is termed as an important task. Because with the help of this people can be motivated to work harder and harder in order to generate better results. There are various kinds of benefits, which are related to the performance of employees. When the performance of any employee is up to the mark, he or she will be automatically compensated based on his or her performance, this performance related pay is very much important and has many benefits. Incentive pay on the other hand is also important, which is given for special kind of work or performance rather than the simple work. Performance based pay actually indicates towards various Incentives, which are there to motivate the employees so that they can work harder in order to generate good